Abstract—

The discovery of the first interstellar comet 2I/Borisov confirmed the astronomers’ speculation that the passage through the solar system of relatively large objects (asteroids and comets) formed outside of it is a common occurrence. There may be many such objects, but their discovery is still a rare case. Large professional telescopes and existing observation programs with these telescopes have limitations that can be overcome with more modest instruments. The paper describes for the first time how comet 2I/Borisov was discovered with the 65-cm telescope designed by G.V. Borisov and those features of the observation program that made it possible to make this discovery. Recommendations are given for constructing future programs for detecting such bodies. The spatial density of interstellar objects (such as asteroid 1I/'Oumuamua or comet 2I/Borisov) in the solar neighborhood has been estimated. According to our estimate, there may be about 50 interstellar bodies >50 m in size in the Solar System in a sphere with a radius of 50 AU at any given time. Since the speeds of possible approach to the Earth of such objects can be very high, such probable approaches require special attention. The use of special space projects for their study is discussed.

中文翻译：

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太阳附近第一颗星际彗星的发现和星际物体的空间密度

摘要-

第一颗星际彗星2I /鲍里索夫的发现证实了天文学家的猜测，即在太阳系外形成的相对较大的物体（小行星和彗星）通过是很常见的。可能有许多这样的对象，但是它们的发现仍然很少见。大型专业望远镜和使用这些望远镜的现有观测程序存在一些局限性，而这些局限性可以通过使用更适度的仪器来克服。该论文首次描述了由GV Borisov设计的65厘米望远镜是如何发现2I / Borisov彗星的，以及观测程序的那些特征使得发现成为可能。为构建将来的检测此类机构的程序提供了建议。星际物体（例如小行星1I /'）的空间密度 估计在太阳附近有Oumuamua或彗星2I / Borisov。根据我们的估计，在任何给定时间，在一个半径为50 AU的球体中，太阳系中可能存在约50个大于50 m的星际体。由于此类物体可能接近地球的速度非常快，因此，这种可能的方法需要特别注意。讨论了使用特殊空间项目进行研究的情况。