Goal-oriented requirements engineering aims to capture desired goals and strategies of relevant stakeholders during early requirements engineering stages, using goal models. Goal-oriented modeling techniques support the analysis of system requirements (especially non-functional ones) from an operationalization perspective, through the evaluation of alternative design options. However, conflicts and undesirable interactions between requirements produced from goals are inevitable, especially as stakeholders often aim for different objectives. In this paper, we propose an approach based on game theory and the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL) to reconcile interacting stakeholders (captured as GRL actors), leading to reasonable trade-offs. This approach consists in building a payoff bimatrix that considers all actor’s valid GRL strategies, and computing its Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we use two optimization techniques to reduce the size of the payoff bimatrix, hence reducing the computational cost of the Nash equilibrium. The approach goes beyond existing work by supporting nonzero-sum games, multiple alternatives, and inter-actor dependencies. We demonstrate the applicability of our game-theoretic modeling and analysis approach using a running example and two GRL models from the literature, with positive results on feasibility and applicability, including performance results.

面向目标的需求工程旨在使用目标模型在需求工程的早期阶段捕获相关涉众的期望目标和策略。面向目标的建模技术通过评估替代设计方案，从操作性的角度支持对系统需求（尤其是非功能需求）的分析。但是，由目标产生的需求之间的冲突和不期望的相互作用是不可避免的，尤其是当利益相关者经常针对不同的目标时。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于博弈论和面向目标的需求语言的方法（GRL）调和相互作用的利益相关者（被称为GRL参与者），从而导致合理的权衡。该方法包括构建一个考虑所有参与者有效GRL策略的收益双矩阵，并计算其纳什均衡。此外，我们使用两种优化技术来减小支付双矩阵的大小，从而降低Nash平衡的计算成本。该方法通过支持非零和游戏，多种选择以及角色间依赖关系超越了现有工作。我们使用一个运行中的例子和文献中的两个GRL模型来证明我们的博弈论建模和分析方法的适用性，并在可行性和适用性（包括性能结果）方面取得了积极的成果。