In cases of animal mimicry, the receiver of the signal learns the truth that he is either dealing with the real thing or with a mimic. Thus, despite being a prototypical example of animal deception, mimicry does not seem to qualify as deception on the traditional definition, since the receiver is not actually misled. We offer a new account of propositional content in sender-receiver games that explains how the receiver is misled (and deceived) by mimicry. We show that previous accounts of deception, and of propositional content, give incorrect results about whether certain signals are deceptive.

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动物欺骗和信号的内容

在动物模仿的情况下，信号的接收者了解他正在处理真实事物或模仿的事实。因此，尽管模仿是动物欺骗的典型例子，但模仿似乎并不符合传统定义的欺骗，因为接收者实际上并没有被误导。我们对发送者-接收者游戏中的命题内容进行了新的描述，解释了接收者如何被模仿误导（和欺骗）。我们表明，先前对欺骗和命题内容的描述对于某些信号是否具有欺骗性给出了错误的结果。