Habitual smoking of tobacco and marijuana can lead to weight changes and poor diet quality. These effects may be caused by taste changes related to smoking and marijuana use. This study examined the associations among taste perceptions of a bitterant (quinine) and salt, tobacco and marijuana use, and weight status. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013–2014. Participants (n = 2808; female = 51.7%) were adults ≥40 years with an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 kg/m2. Participants completed whole mouth and tongue tip assessments of bitter (quinine) and salty (NaCl) tastes, and questionnaires on demographics, cigarette, tobacco, and drug use. Measured height and weight were used to calculate BMI. Compared with never smokers, current smokers reported increased bitter ratings. Smoking status was not associated with salty taste intensity ratings after adjustment for demographic variables. Current marijuana users reported lower tongue tip quine ratings than never users. Among current smokers, current marijuana users had lower whole mouth quinine ratings than never users. Taste perception for salt and quinine for current and former smokers as well as marijuana smokers varied in whole mouth and tongue tip assessment. Changes in taste perception among cigarette smokers and marijuana consumers may be clinically relevant to address to improve diet and weight status.

中文翻译：

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国家健康和营养检查调查中味觉与吸烟、大麻使用和体重状况的关联


习惯性吸食烟草和大麻会导致体重变化和饮食质量差。这些影响可能是由吸烟和吸食大麻相关的味觉变化引起的。这项研究考察了苦味剂（奎宁）和盐的味觉感知、烟草和大麻的使用以及体重状况之间的关联。我们对 2013 年至 2014 年国家健康和营养检查调查做出答复的成年人进行了横断面分析。参与者（n = 2808；女性 = 51.7%）是 40 岁以上的成年人，平均体重指数 (BMI) 为 29.6 kg/m2。参与者完成了整个口腔和舌尖的苦味（奎宁）和咸味（氯化钠）评估，以及人口统计、香烟、烟草和药物使用的调查问卷。测量的身高和体重用于计算 BMI。与从不吸烟者相比，目前吸烟者的苦味评分更高。调整人口变量后，吸烟状况与咸味强度评级无关。目前吸食大麻的人报告的舌尖奎因评级比从不吸食大麻的人低。在当前吸烟者中，当前吸食大麻的人对全口奎宁的评价低于从不吸食大麻的人。当前和以前的吸烟者以及大麻吸烟者对盐和奎宁的味觉感知在整个口腔和舌尖评估中存在差异。吸烟者和大麻消费者味觉的变化可能与改善饮食和体重状况具有临床相关性。