Purpose

This paper aims to disclose the implications of the 4th Industrial Revolution for vocational and professional qualifications and their systems. It also seeks to enhance more active discussion of experts and researchers about the change of vocational and professional qualifications created by the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution.

Design/methodology/approach

Research is based on the case studies of the design and development of vocational and professional qualifications focused on the skills requirements of the 4th Industrial Revolution. There are analyzed and compared two cases of the international (EU) projects aiming to design and implement new qualifications in the metalworking industry and the case of introduction of additional qualifications in Germany. The main research methods include content analysis of the qualifications descriptors and vocational education and training (VET) curricula, a meta-analysis of the research on the implications of Industry 4.0 for VET.

Findings

The choices of the structure and contents of qualifications and VET curricula in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution are defined by the specific state of technologies and work organizations in the enterprises, limitations of VET providers, individual skills needs of learners, national and sectoral policies in the field of qualifications and curricula. It requires compromises between the concept of solid qualifications based on the holistic orientation to work processes and the trends toward flexible curriculum; between the design of new qualifications and adjustment of the existing ones, as well as between the individualistic and collective approaches to qualifications.

Research limitations/implications

The research is focused on the development of qualifications in the manufacturing sector (metalworking and engineering industry). The paper contributes to the theoretical discussions and research of qualifications, competence, VET and human resource development by suggesting a theoretical framework for the analysis of the development of qualifications in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, as well as by stressing the importance of holistic view to this development which should comprise both policies and practices of the design of qualifications, curriculum design, education and training and assessment of learning outcomes.

Originality/value

The paper provides insight into the implications of the 4th Industrial Revolution to the key processes of the national systems of qualifications by referring to the cases of current efforts to adjust qualifications in the metalworking sector and engineering industry. It also suggests possible scenarios for the future development of vocational and professional qualifications in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution.

中文翻译：

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制造业资质的中断：挑战与前景

目的

本文旨在揭示第四次工业革命对职业和专业资格及其体系的影响。它还寻求加强专家和研究人员对第四次工业革命到来所带来的职业和专业资格变化的更积极讨论。

设计/方法/方法

研究基于职业和专业资格的设计和开发案例研究，重点关注第四次工业革命的技能要求。对旨在设计和实施金属加工行业新资质的国际（欧盟）项目和在德国引入附加资质的两个案例进行了分析和比较。主要研究方法包括资格描述和职业教育与培训（VET）课程的内容分析，对工业4.0对VET影响的研究的荟萃分析。

发现

在第四次工业革命背景下，资格和 VET 课程的结构和内容的选择取决于企业技术和工作组织的具体状态、VET 提供者的局限性、学习者的个人技能需求、国家和部门政策在资格和课程领域。它需要在基于工作流程整体定位的可靠资格概念与灵活课程的趋势之间做出妥协；在新资格的设计和现有资格的调整之间，以及个人主义和集体的资格方法之间。

研究限制/影响

该研究的重点是制造部门（金属加工和工程行业）的资质发展。本文通过提出在第四次工业革命背景下分析资格发展的理论框架，并强调整体鉴于这一发展，应包括资格设计、课程设计、教育和培训以及学习成果评估的政策和实践。

原创性/价值

本文通过参考目前在金属加工行业和工程行业调整资格的案例，深入了解第四次工业革命对国家资格体系关键流程的影响。它还为第四次工业革命背景下职业和专业资格的未来发展提出了可能的情景。