Currently, nanotechnology is gaining massive attention compared to conventional methods as the biosynthesis of plant-based nanoparticles is considered safe, effective, and ecofriendly. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of nanotechnology, the present study was designed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the biological effectiveness of saffron stigma-based gold nanoparticles (SS-AuNPs) for their in vitro and in vivo biological properties. These gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The highest antibacterial effect was observed by the saffron extract against Escherichia coli (22 mm). SS-AuNPs significantly inhibited the activity of enzyme urease (54.98%) and CA-II (64.29%). However, the nonsignificant inhibitory effect was observed in the case of α-chymotrypsin. Maximum analgesic (84.98%) and antiinflammatory (88.98%) effects were observed for SS-AuNPs (10 mg/kg). Similarly, SS-AuNPs demonstrated a significant ( P < 0.01) sedative effect at all tested doses.

中文翻译：

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藏红花（Crocus sativus）花柱头金纳米颗粒醇提取物的合成，表征，生物学活性和催化应用

当前，与传统方法相比，纳米技术正受到广泛关注，因为基于植物的纳米颗粒的生物合成被认为是安全，有效和生态友好的。因此，考虑到纳米技术的重要性，本研究旨在合成，表征和评估基于藏红花柱头的金纳米颗粒（SS-AuNPs）的体外和体内生物学特性。这些金纳米颗粒的特征在于紫外可见光谱，傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）和X射线衍射（XRD）。藏红花提取物对大肠杆菌（22毫米）具有最高的抗菌作用。SS-AuNPs明显抑制了脲酶的活性（54。98％）和CA-II（64.29％）。然而，在α-胰凝乳蛋白酶的情况下观察到无明显的抑制作用。SS-AuNPs（10 mg / kg）观察到最大镇痛作用（84.98％）和抗炎作用（88.98％）。同样，SS-AuNPs在所有测试剂量下均显示出明显的镇静作用（P <0.01）。