The importance of the transverse viscous loads, in a modular maneuvering model, is investigated. A method to estimate steady sectional drag coefficients is first presented. A 2D+t approach, which accounts for forward-speed effects, is also presented. The time-varying drag coefficients, in the 2D+t method, are estimated with three methods: two simplified methods using results from the literature directly, and one more sophisticated method which uses time-derivatives, from time-dependent drag coefficients for hull forms in the literature, and integrates the drag coefficients along the hull. Turning circles with 25${}^{\circ }$ and 35${}^{\circ }$ rudder angle are simulated in calm water and regular waves for a range of wavelengths between $\lambda ∕L_{pp}=0.281$ and 1.120, with wave steepness $H∕\lambda =1∕40$, and initial head sea. The Duisburg Test Case (DTC) is used as a test ship. The numerical simulations are compared with free-running model tests. Overall, the 2D+t method, with integrated drag coefficients, shows a better match with the experiments compared to the cross-flow approach. However, both methods capture the main trends considering tactical diameter and advance for the tested wave conditions. Furthermore, using scaled time-varying drag coefficients for a circular cylinder can be a good starting point in a 2D+t approach.

在模块化操纵模型中，研究了横向粘性载荷的重要性。首先介绍了一种估计稳态截面阻力系数的方法。还提出了一种解决正向速度影响的2D + t方法。在2D + t方法中，随时间变化的阻力系数通过以下三种方法估算：两种简化方法直接使用文献中的结果，一种更复杂的方法使用时间导数，方法是从与时间相关的船体形状阻力系数中并结合沿船体的阻力系数。用25转圈${}^{\circ }$ 和35${}^{\circ }$ 在平静水域和规则波中模拟舵角，其波长范围介于 $\lambda ∕{\mathrm{大号}}_{pp}=0。281$ 和1.120，具有波陡度 $H∕\lambda =\mathrm{1个}∕40$和最初的头海。杜伊斯堡测试用例（DTC）用作测试船。将数值模拟与自由运行模型测试进行比较。总体而言，与交叉流方法相比，具有集成阻力系数的2D + t方法显示出与实验的更好匹配。但是，这两种方法都考虑了战术直径并针对所测试的波状条件取得了发展的主要趋势。此外，在2D + t方法中，将缩放后的时变阻力系数用于圆柱体可能是一个不错的起点。