Ancillary services are becoming an indispensable tool for maintaining power grid stability due to the increasing adoption of renewable energy resources, many of which (e.g., wind and solar power) are inherently variable. Some energy resources, such as electric vehicles (EVs), have a significant potential for providing their own ancillary services and creating ancillary service markets in smart electric grids. The installation convenience of EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) has made them the target of many studies. In previous works, the grid-integrated-vehicle (GIV) mechanisms are recognized as a suitable approach to exploit EVs and PHVs for ancillary service markets, particularly regulation markets, which require fast responses. It is important to consider individual consumption behavior (e.g., vehicle usage and energy consumption) in selecting optimal operational points of EV and PHV for maximizing resource effectiveness and user profit. There is, however, currently no mechanism that takes the individual consumption behavior of market participants into account. In this article, a new vehicle-to-home (V2H) aggregator is proposed, which allows individuals to participate in a regulation market using the in-vehicle batteries of their EVs or PHVs. The results show that the proposed V2H aggregator can successfully supply predictable power to the power grid and maximize the profits of individual market participants. Note to Practitioners-This article proposes an architecture of home energy management systems (HEMSs) with electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) to participate in a regulation market using the in-vehicle batteries. Ancillary services are the mechanism for the power grid to ensure the quality of electricity. The proposed architecture is composed of two stages: 1) calculation of the charge and discharge profiles considering minimizing the electricity charge at home and maximizing the capacity to provide for ancillary services and 2) real-time control of charging and discharging the in-vehicle batteries to follow the regulation signal provided from the manager of ancillary services. The simulation result shows the estimated benefit of the aggregator obtained by the trade in the market and the precision of HEMSs' charging and discharging to follow the request signal.

中文翻译：

---

聚合V2H系统参与监管市场


由于可再生能源的日益普及，其中许多能源（例如风能和太阳能）本质上是可变的，因此辅助服务正在成为维持电网稳定不可或缺的工具。一些能源资源，例如电动汽车（EV），在提供自己的辅助服务并在智能电网中创建辅助服务市场方面具有巨大潜力。电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车（PHV）的安装便利性使其成为许多研究的目标。在之前的研究中，电网集成车辆（GIV）机制被认为是开发电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车用于辅助服务市场，特别是需要快速响应的监管市场的合适方法。在选择电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车的最佳运行点时，必须考虑个人消费行为（例如车辆使用和能源消耗），以最大限度地提高资源效率和用户利润。但目前尚无考虑市场参与者个人消费行为的机制。在本文中，提出了一种新的车到户（V2H）聚合器，它允许个人使用其电动汽车或插电式混合动力汽车的车载电池参与监管市场。结果表明，所提出的 V2H 聚合器可以成功地向电网提供可预测的电力，并使各个市场参与者的利润最大化。从业者须知 - 本文提出了一种家庭能源管理系统 (HEMS) 架构，其中包括电动汽车 (EV) 和插电式混合动力汽车 (PHV)，以参与使用车载电池的监管市场。辅助服务是电网保证电力质量的机制。 所提出的架构由两个阶段组成：1）计算充电和放电曲线，考虑最小化家庭电费并最大化提供辅助服务的容量；2）实时控制车载电池的充电和放电遵循辅助服务经理提供的监管信号。仿真结果显示了市场交易所获得的聚合器的估计收益以及HEMS充电和放电遵循请求信号的精度。