This study presents a novel nonuniform power formation algorithm (NUPFA) for Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) networks. With two stages, NUPFA constructs the scatternet in a distributed manner. In the first stage, the master and slave nodes discover each other using low-level power to form an initial scatternet. In the second stage, each master alternatively scans or advertises using normal power to interconnect dual links among any two piconets until the whole scatternet is constructed. Using nonuniform power configuration, an energy-efficient scatternet is generated, since packet transmission power can be reduced in each piconet to minimize overall power consumption. With additional scatternet links, more routing paths can be utilized to reduce the path length and enhance network efficiency. simulation results show that compared with the existing cluster-based on-demand routing protocol (CORP) and Bluetooth Mesh schemes, the NUPFA protocol achieves superior energy efficiency for packet transmission. Also, the dual link features can effectively reduce packet latency, thereby improving the overall performance of BLE mesh networks.

中文翻译：

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NUPFA：一种用于 BLE 网状网络的新型非均匀功率形成算法


本研究提出了一种用于蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 网络的新型非均匀功率形成算法 (NUPFA)。 NUPFA 通过两个阶段以分布式方式构建分散网。在第一阶段，主节点和从节点使用低电平功率发现彼此，形成初始分散网。在第二阶段，每个主设备使用正常功率交替扫描或通告，以互连任意两个微微网之间的双链路，直到构建整个分散网。使用非均匀功率配置，可以生成节能的分散网，因为可以降低每个微微网中的分组传输功率以最小化总体功耗。通过额外的分散网链路，可以利用更多的路由路径来减少路径长度并提高网络效率。仿真结果表明，与现有的基于集群的按需路由协议（CORP）和蓝牙Mesh方案相比，NUPFA协议在数据包传输方面实现了优越的能效。此外，双链路特性可以有效减少数据包延迟，从而提高BLE网状网络的整体性能。