Direct and indirect disturbance impacts in forests,Ecology Letters

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Direct and indirect disturbance impacts in forests
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13741
Elle J. Bowd ₁ , Sam C. Banks _{1,

2} , Andrew Bissett ₃ , Tom W. May ₄ , David B. Lindenmayer ₁

Affiliation

Human and natural disturbances are key drivers of change in forest ecosystems. Yet, the direct and indirect mechanisms which underpin these changes remain poorly understood at the ecosystem level. Here, using structural equation modelling across a 150+ year chronosequence, we disentangle the direct and indirect effects of major disturbances in a temperate forest ecosystem. We show that wildfires, logging and post-fire (salvage) logging can affect plant and microbial communities and abiotic soil properties both directly and indirectly through plant–soil–microbial interactions. We quantified 68 direct and indirect disturbance effects across these components, with the majority resulting in ecosystem-wide adverse effects. Indirect disturbance effects accounted for 43% of total disturbance effects, with some amplifying or partially mitigating direct disturbance effects. Overall, human disturbances were associated with more negative effects than natural disturbances. Our analyses provide novel insights into the multifaceted dynamics of forest disturbances and the mechanisms which underpin their relative impacts.

中文翻译：

对森林的直接和间接干扰影响

人为和自然干扰是森林生态系统变化的主要驱动力。然而，在生态系统层面上，对支撑这些变化的直接和间接机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们使用150年以上时序序列的结构方程模型，对温带森林生态系统中主要扰动的直接和间接影响进行了分解。我们表明，野火，伐木和火灾后（残骸）伐木可通过植物-土壤-微生物的相互作用直接或间接地影响植物和微生物群落以及非生物土壤特性。我们量化了这些组件中的68种直接和间接干扰效应，其中大多数导致了整个生态系统的不利影响。间接干扰效应占总干扰效应的43％，具有一些放大或部分缓解的直接干扰效应。总体而言，人为干扰比自然干扰具有更多的负面影响。我们的分析为森林扰动的多方面动态及其支持其相对影响的机制提供了新颖的见解。

更新日期：2021-05-19

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