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Determinants and long-term costs of early reproduction in males of a long-lived polygynous mammal
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7530 Yanny Ritchot 1 , Marco Festa-Bianchet 1 , David Coltman 2 , Fanie Pelletier 1
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7530 Yanny Ritchot 1 , Marco Festa-Bianchet 1 , David Coltman 2 , Fanie Pelletier 1
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In long-lived polygynous species, male reproductive success is often monopolized by a few mature dominant individuals. Young males are generally too small to be dominant and may employ alternative tactics; however, little is known about the determinants of reproductive success for young males. Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in early reproductive success may be crucial to assess the strength of sexual selection and possible long-term trade-offs among life-history traits. Selective pressures driven by fluctuating environmental conditions may depend on age class. We evaluated the determinants of reproduction in male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) aged 2–4 years using 30 years of individual-level data. These young males cannot defend estrous ewes and use alternative mating tactics. We also investigated how the age of first detected reproduction was correlated to lifetime reproductive success and longevity. We found that reproductive success of males aged 3 years was positively correlated to body mass, to the proportion of males aged 2–4 years in the competitor pool, and to the number of females available per adult male. These results suggest that reproductive success depends on both competitive ability and population age–sex structure. None of these variables, however, had significant effects on the reproductive success of males aged 2 or 4 years. Known reproduction before the age of five increased lifetime reproductive success but decreased longevity, suggesting a long-term survival cost of early reproduction. Our analyses reveal that both individual-level phenotypic and population-level demographic variables influence reproductive success by young males and provide a rare assessment of fitness trade-offs in wild polygynous males.
中文翻译：
长寿一夫多妻制哺乳动物雄性早期繁殖的决定因素和长期成本
在长寿的一夫多妻制物种中，雄性繁殖的成功常常被少数成熟的优势个体所垄断。年轻雄性通常体型太小，无法占据主导地位，因此可能会采取其他策略；然而，人们对年轻男性生殖成功的决定因素知之甚少。了解早期繁殖成功率变异的原因和后果对于评估性选择的强度和生活史特征之间可能的长期权衡可能至关重要。由环境条件波动驱动的选择压力可能取决于年龄层。我们使用 30 年的个体数据评估了 2-4 岁雄性大角羊（ Ovis canadensis ）繁殖的决定因素。这些年轻的雄性无法保护发情的母羊并使用替代的交配策略。我们还研究了首次检测到繁殖的年龄与终生繁殖成功率和寿命的关系。我们发现，3 岁雄性的繁殖成功率与体重、参赛者群体中 2-4 岁雄性的比例以及每名成年雄性的雌性数量呈正相关。这些结果表明，繁殖成功取决于竞争能力和人口年龄性别结构。然而，这些变量都没有对 2 岁或 4 岁男性的繁殖成功率产生显着影响。已知五岁之前的繁殖会增加一生的繁殖成功率，但会降低寿命，这表明早期繁殖会带来长期生存成本。我们的分析表明，个体水平的表型和群体水平的人口统计学变量都会影响年轻雄性的繁殖成功率，并为野生一夫多妻雄性的健康权衡提供了罕见的评估。
更新日期：2021-06-17
中文翻译：
长寿一夫多妻制哺乳动物雄性早期繁殖的决定因素和长期成本
在长寿的一夫多妻制物种中，雄性繁殖的成功常常被少数成熟的优势个体所垄断。年轻雄性通常体型太小，无法占据主导地位，因此可能会采取其他策略；然而，人们对年轻男性生殖成功的决定因素知之甚少。了解早期繁殖成功率变异的原因和后果对于评估性选择的强度和生活史特征之间可能的长期权衡可能至关重要。由环境条件波动驱动的选择压力可能取决于年龄层。我们使用 30 年的个体数据评估了 2-4 岁雄性大角羊（ Ovis canadensis ）繁殖的决定因素。这些年轻的雄性无法保护发情的母羊并使用替代的交配策略。我们还研究了首次检测到繁殖的年龄与终生繁殖成功率和寿命的关系。我们发现，3 岁雄性的繁殖成功率与体重、参赛者群体中 2-4 岁雄性的比例以及每名成年雄性的雌性数量呈正相关。这些结果表明，繁殖成功取决于竞争能力和人口年龄性别结构。然而，这些变量都没有对 2 岁或 4 岁男性的繁殖成功率产生显着影响。已知五岁之前的繁殖会增加一生的繁殖成功率，但会降低寿命，这表明早期繁殖会带来长期生存成本。我们的分析表明，个体水平的表型和群体水平的人口统计学变量都会影响年轻雄性的繁殖成功率，并为野生一夫多妻雄性的健康权衡提供了罕见的评估。
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