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Assessing food–energy–water resources management strategies at city scale: An agent-based modeling approach for Cape Town, South Africa
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105573
Ke Jack Ding , Jonathan M. Gilligan , Y.C. Ethan Yang , Piotr Wolski , George M. Hornberger

The impact of human activities and climate change occurs across a range of spatial and temporal scales, and the city or regional scale is critical for managing food–energy–water (FEW) resources. We develop a coupled human-natural system model for Cape Town, South Africa, which consists of an agent-based model and a regional hydrologic model, to study the FEW nexus connecting the agricultural, urban, and hydroelectric generation sectors. We use the model to compare three policies—a simple adaptive approach, adaptation with free water to indigent households, and water supply augmentation—and assess their ability to provide reliable FEW services to the different stakeholders under four different climate scenarios, representing moderate to severe amounts of warming. Our results indicate that Cape Town is likely to face increasing water stress as temperatures rise, and that adaptation strategies could effectively mitigate the effects of water limitations and avoid severe failures in providing FEW services across sectors. One way to manage demand for FEW services is by adjusting water price tariffs, but high prices create inequality in access to water for households with different incomes. Our analysis suggests that the water supply system in Cape Town may already be at, if not over, its sustainable capacity within the FEW nexus. Our model serves as a test-bed for assessing policies to manage stresses on water resources for the benefit of stakeholders across FEW sectors. This model can be adapted to cities and regions around the globe.



中文翻译:

评估城市规模的粮食,能源,水资源管理策略:南非开普敦基于代理的建模方法

人类活动和气候变化的影响发生在一系列时空尺度上,而城市或区域尺度对于管理粮食,能源,水(FEW)资源至关重要。我们为南非开普敦开发了人与自然的耦合系统模型,该模型由基于主体的模型和区域水文模型组成,以研究连接农业,城市和水力发电部门的FEW关系。我们使用该模型比较三种政策(一种简单的适应性方法,对贫困家庭的免费用水适应性和供水量的增加),并评估了他们在四种不同的气候情景下(为中度至严重)向不同的利益相关者提供可靠的FEW服务的能力变暖。我们的结果表明,开普敦可能会随着温度的升高而面临越来越多的缺水压力,而适应策略可以有效地缓解缺水的影响并避免跨部门提供FEW服务时出现严重故障。解决对FEW服务需求的一种方法是调整水价,但高价会给不同收入家庭的用水带来不平等。我们的分析表明,开普敦的供水系统可能已经处于FEW关系内的可持续能力,即使尚未结束。我们的模型可作为评估政策的试验床,以管理水资源压力,使FEW部门的利益相关者受益。该模型可以适应全球的城市和地区。该适应战略可以有效减轻水限制的影响,避免跨部门提供FEW服务的严重失败。解决对FEW服务需求的一种方法是调整水价,但高价会给不同收入家庭的用水带来不平等。我们的分析表明,开普敦的供水系统可能已经处于FEW关系内的可持续能力,即使尚未结束。我们的模型可作为评估政策的试验床,以管理水资源压力,造福FEW部门的利益相关者。该模型可以适应全球的城市和地区。该适应战略可以有效减轻水限制的影响,避免跨部门提供FEW服务的严重失败。解决对FEW服务需求的一种方法是调整水价,但高价会给不同收入家庭的用水带来不平等。我们的分析表明,开普敦的供水系统可能已经处于FEW关系内的可持续能力,即使尚未结束。我们的模型可作为评估政策的试验床,以管理水资源压力,造福FEW部门的利益相关者。该模型可以适应全球的城市和地区。但是高昂的价格造成了收入不同的家庭在获得水方面的不平等。我们的分析表明,开普敦的供水系统可能已经处于FEW关系内的可持续能力,即使尚未结束。我们的模型可作为评估政策的试验床,以管理水资源压力,造福FEW部门的利益相关者。该模型可以适应全球的城市和地区。但是高昂的价格造成了收入不同的家庭在获得水方面的不平等。我们的分析表明,开普敦的供水系统可能已经处于FEW关系内的可持续能力,即使尚未结束。我们的模型可作为评估政策的试验床,以管理水资源压力,造福FEW部门的利益相关者。该模型可以适应全球的城市和地区。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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