Poverty and threat exposure (TE) predict deficits in emotion regulation (ER). Effective cognitive ER (i.e., reappraisal) may be supported by: (1) cognitive processes implicated in generating and implementing cognitive reappraisal, supported by activation in brain regions involved in cognitive control (e.g., frontal, insular, and parietal cortices) and (2) emotion processing and reactivity, involving identification, encoding, and maintenance of emotional states and related variation in brain activity of regions involved in emotional reactivity (i.e., amygdala). Poverty is associated with deficits in cognitive control, and TE with alterations in emotion processing and reactivity. Our goal was to identify dissociable emotional and cognitive pathways to ER deficits from poverty and TE. Measures of cognitive ability, emotional processing and reactivity, ER, and neural activity during a sadness ER task, were examined from a prospective longitudinal study of youth at risk for depression (n = 139). Both cognitive ability and left anterior insula extending into the frontal operculum activity during a sadness reappraisal task mediated the relationship between poverty and ER. Emotion processing/reactivity didn’t mediate the relationship of TE to ER. Findings support a cognitive pathway from poverty to ER deficits. They also underscore the importance of dissociating mechanisms contributing to ER impairments from adverse early childhood experiences.

贫困和威胁暴露 (TE) 预测情绪调节 (ER) 的缺陷。有效的认知 ER（即重新评估）可能受到以下因素的支持：（1）与产生和实施认知重新评估有关的认知过程，由参与认知控制的大脑区域（例如，额叶、岛叶和顶叶皮质）的激活支持和（2 ) 情绪处理和反应，涉及情绪状态的识别、编码和维持以及情绪反应所涉及区域（即杏仁核）的大脑活动的相关变化。贫困与认知控制缺陷有关，而 TE 与情绪处理和反应性的改变有关。我们的目标是确定贫困和 TE 导致 ER 缺陷的可分离情感和认知途径。认知能力、情绪处理和反应性的测量，ER 和悲伤 ER 任务期间的神经活动，是通过一项对有抑郁风险的青年（n = 139）的前瞻性纵向研究进行检查的。在悲伤重新评估任务期间，认知能力和左前岛叶延伸到额叶盖活动介导了贫困与 ER 之间的关系。情绪处理/反应性不介导 TE 与 ER 的关系。研究结果支持从贫困到 ER 缺陷的认知途径。他们还强调了将导致 ER 损伤的机制与不良的儿童早期经历分离的重要性。在悲伤重新评估任务期间，认知能力和左前岛叶延伸到额叶盖活动介导了贫困与 ER 之间的关系。情绪处理/反应性不介导 TE 与 ER 的关系。研究结果支持从贫困到 ER 缺陷的认知途径。他们还强调了将导致 ER 损伤的机制与不良的儿童早期经历分离的重要性。在悲伤重新评估任务期间，认知能力和左前岛叶延伸到额叶盖活动介导了贫困与 ER 之间的关系。情绪处理/反应性不介导 TE 与 ER 的关系。研究结果支持从贫困到 ER 缺陷的认知途径。他们还强调了将导致 ER 损伤的机制与不良的儿童早期经历分离的重要性。