Humans are an intensely social species with a pervasive need for affiliation and social interaction. However, satisfying this fundamental motive comes with risk, including increased exposure to others' communicable pathogens. Consequently, disease mitigation strategies may require humans to downregulate their interest in socialization when pathogenic threat is elevated. Subsequent unsatisfactorily met affiliation needs can result in downregulation of disease avoidance goals in the service of social inclusion, albeit at the cost of putting individuals at greater risk for pathogen exposure. The current review summarizes past work in social and evolutionary psychology demonstrating affiliation and disease‐avoidance motivation tradeoffs. We then apply this research by articulating strategies to support and maintain social distancing behaviors in the face of loneliness, which is of particular importance during pandemic outbreaks such as COVID‐19. Finally, we propose novel and integrative research questions related to affiliation/pathogen‐avoidance tradeoffs.

中文翻译：

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使用心理学支持社会疏远：从属关系和疾病预防动机之间的权衡

人类是一个高度社会化的物种，普遍需要隶属关系和社会互动。但是，满足此基本动机会带来风险，包括增加与他人传染性病原体的接触。因此，当病原体威胁升高时，疾病缓解策略可能要求人类下调对社交的兴趣。随之而来的联属关系需求未得到令人满意的满足，可能会导致回避社会服务目标中疾病预防目标的下调，尽管这样做的代价是使个人面临更大的病原体暴露风险。本篇综述总结了过去社会和进化心理学的研究成果，表明了从属关系和疾病避免动机的权衡。然后，我们通过阐明策略来支持和维持面对孤独的社会疏远行为，从而应用这项研究，这在大流行病爆发（例如COVID-19）中尤为重要。最后，我们提出了与隶属关系/病原体回避权衡有关的新颖而综合的研究问题。