Exploring Application of 1,2,4-Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions,Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Exploring Application of 1,2,4-Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000316
Yu‐bing Xue ₁ , Hua‐lin Xiong ₁ , Jie Tang ₁ , Guang‐bin Cheng ₁ , Hong‐wei Yang ₁

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High-nitrogen energetic salts as the functional materials could be applied to formulate second explosives, gas-generating agents, and propellants due to their large gas and energy release after combustion. Herein, a series of the insensitive and highly gas productive 1,2,4-triazole derivatives including 4,5,5′-triamine-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (1) and 4,5′-dinitramino-5-amine-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (4) as well as corresponding salts were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of 4,5,5′-triamine-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (1), nitrate salt (2), 4,5′-dinitramino-5-amine-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (4) and triaminoguanidine salt (9) were determined by X-ray diffraction. For explosives candidates, energetic salts of ammonium (5), hydrazinium (6), hydroxylammonium (7), and triaminoguanidine (9) not only display the outstanding detonation performance (D, 8657–9120 m s⁻¹, P, 27.78–33.39 GPa), but also show low mechanical sensitivities (IS≥20 J, FS≥216 N). Furthermore, the constant-volume combustion experiment results reveal that 5, 6, 7, and 9 show excellent gas productivity (P_max≥12.8 MPa) and pressure-up rate (dP/dt_max≥164 GPa s⁻¹). These compounds could be the efficient components of gas-generating agents and propellants based on the calculated combustion parameters from EXPLO 5 software.

中文翻译：

探索 1,2,4-三唑高能盐的应用：气体发生剂、推进剂和炸药组合物

高氮含能盐作为功能材料，由于其燃烧后的气体和能量释放量大，可用于配制二次炸药、产气剂和推进剂。在此，一系列不敏感且产气率高的 1,2,4-三唑衍生物包括 4,5,5'-triamine-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole ( 1 ) 和 4,5合成并表征了'-dinitramino-5-amine-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole ( 4 ) 以及相应的盐类。4,5,5'-triamine-3,3'-bi-1,2,4-triazole ( 1 ), 硝酸盐 ( 2 ), 4,5'-dinitramino-5-amine-3的晶体结构, 3'-双-1,2,4-三唑 ( 4 ) 和三氨基胍盐 ( 9) 由 X 射线衍射确定。对于炸药候选物，铵 ( 5 )、肼 ( 6 )、羟铵 ( 7 ) 和三氨基胍( 9 ) 的高能盐不仅表现出出色的爆轰性能 (D, 8657–9120 m s ^-1 , P, 27.78–33.39 GPa )，但也表现出低机械敏感性（IS≥20 J，FS≥216 N）。此外，恒容燃烧实验结果表明，5，6，7，和9显示出优异的气体生产率（P_最大≥12.8兆帕）和压力升高率（DP / dt的_最大值≥164GPA小号^-1）。根据 EXPLO 5 软件计算的燃烧参数，这些化合物可能是气体发生剂和推进剂的有效成分。

更新日期：2021-04-07

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