Contemporary research on fatherhood describes fatherhood as a multifaceted, dynamic social, and cultural construction, deeply affected by class, race, and gender inequalities. However, critics claim that dominant theories on fatherhood have been mostly elaborated based on middle-class, Anglo-centered, dominant, and mainstream fatherhood, whereas non-hegemonic, marginalized father groups have remained undertheorized. This article echoes this shortfall and proposes to theorize non-hegemonic fatherhood through a more inclusive theoretical framework capable of describing the social contexts that shape fathers' identities, behaviors, and cultures. Based on intersectional theories, the article argues for a theoretical revision of the ways in which these groups of non-hegemonic fathers are represented in research. To illustrate this, we provide some examples of studies based on case studies of marginalized fathers in Israel. Israel is rich ground for such research since it is characterized by traditional models of fatherhood, expressed through hegemonic models of masculinity, as well as normative family models in the context of high levels of ethnic and class inequality.

中文翻译：

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交叉性和父权：非霸权父权理论化

当代关于父亲身份的研究将父亲身份描述为一种多方面、动态的社会和文化结构，深受阶级、种族和性别不平等的影响。然而，批评者声称，关于父权的主导理论大多是基于中产阶级、以盎格鲁为中心、占主导地位和主流的父权而阐述的，而非霸权的、边缘化的父亲群体仍然缺乏理论化。本文回应了这一不足，并建议通过一个更具包容性的理论框架来理论化非霸权父亲，该框架能够描述塑造父亲身份、行为和文化的社会背景。基于交叉理论，本文主张对这些非霸权父亲群体在研究中的表现方式进行理论修正。为了说明这一点，我们提供了一些基于以色列边缘化父亲案例研究的研究实例。以色列是此类研究的丰富基础，因为它以传统的父爱模式为特征，通过男性气质的霸权模式以及在高度种族和阶级不平等背景下的规范家庭模式来表达。