Abstract

This paper presents main physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the spring water on the territory of Belgrade city (Serbia) and estimates the possibility of their utilization for public water supply purposes. Analysis of 23 springs on the wider territory of Belgrade is done. The following physicochemical parameters were analyzed: turbidity, pH, TDS, EC, Cl^–, \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\), K⁺ and Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ ions, as well as \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) and Cl^–, were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Total Fe was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\) was determined by volumetric titration. \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) was determined by gravimetric method, and \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) was determined by colorimetric method. Microbiological testing was done by Most Probable Number method. Water from 23 springs is defined as Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type of water. The most common problem that was recorded is microbiological inappropriateness of water (analyzed: aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliform bacteria, streptococcus, proteus species, clostridia, pseudomonas aeruginosa or isolated microorganisms presence in water above maximum allowed value), on the first place, and in some cases physicochemical deviations. Among the undesired physicochemical characteristics of several springs, elevated nitrate content due to anthropogenic impact on the shallow aquifer groundwater and elevated magnesium content due to the presence of dolomite, stand out as dominant. An increase in the nitrate content is evident at the area away from the city centre that belongs to the rural type of settlement with a larger number of septic tanks, individual agricultural production with the use of fertilizers as well as individual animal breeding. Other physicochemical parameters are mostly within the proposed limits for human use. Analyzed water would see far greater application if it was treated in order to correct their microbiological quality, as well as nitrate content.

中文翻译：

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贝尔格莱德（塞尔维亚）境内泉水的主要特征

摘要

本文介绍了贝尔格莱德市（塞尔维亚）境内泉水的主要理化和微生物学特征，并估计了将其用于公共供水的可能性。分析了贝尔格莱德更广阔领土上的23个弹簧。分析了以下物理化学参数：浊度，pH，TDS，EC，Cl ^–，\（{\ text {NO}} _ {3} ^ {-} \），Ca 2 ⁺，Mg 2 ⁺，\（{文本{SO}} _ {4} ^ {{2-}} \），\（{\文本{HCO}} _ {3} ^ {-} \），K ⁺和Na ⁺，Ca 2 ⁺，Mg ²⁺，Na ⁺和K ⁺离子以及\（{\ text {NH}} _ {4} ^ {+} \）和Cl ^–是通过原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）确定的。总铁通过原子吸收光谱法测定。\（{\ text {HCO}} _ {3} ^ {-} \）是通过体积滴定法确定的。\（{\文本{SO}} _ {4} ^ {{2 - }} \）通过重量分析法测定，和\（{\文本{NO}} _ {3} ^ { - } \）测定用比色法 微生物检测是通过最可能数法进行的。来自23个泉水的水被定义为Ca–Mg–HCO ₃水的类型。记录的最常见问题是水的微生物不当性（分析：有氧中温细菌，大肠菌，大肠菌群，链球菌，变形杆菌种，梭菌，铜绿假单胞菌或高于最大允许值的水中存在的分离的微生物），首先是在某些情况下理化偏差。在几个温泉的不良理化特征中，由人为的对浅层含水层地下水的影响引起的硝酸盐含量升高，以及由于白云石的存在引起的镁含量升高，是突出优势。在远离城市的农村聚居区类型的化粪池数量较多的地区，硝酸盐含量明显增加，使用化肥进行个体农业生产以及进行个体动物育种。其他理化参数大多在建议的人类使用范围内。如果对其进行处理以校正其微生物质量以及硝酸盐含量，则分析后的水将获得更大的应用。