ABSTRACT

Correlational studies have suggested some harmful effects of television viewing in early childhood, especially for the viewing of fast-paced entertainment programs. However, this has not been consistently supported by experimental studies, many of which have lacked ecological validity. The current study explores the effects of pace of program on the attention, problem solving and comprehension of 41 3- and 4-year-olds using an ecologically valid experimental design. Children were visited twice at home; on each visit they were shown an episode of a popular animated entertainment program which differed in pace: one faster paced, one slower paced. Children’s behavior was coded for attention and arousal during viewing, attention, and effort on a problem-solving task after viewing, and performance on unrelated (problem-solving) and related (program comprehension) tasks. The faster-paced program was attended to more, while 3-year-olds showed more attention and effort on the problem-solving task after watching the slower program, but there were no significant differences in performance on unrelated or related tasks depending on pace. The lack of differences observed in this naturalistic setting together with the high levels of comprehension of the programs watched provides some evidence to counter the “harm” perceived in young children watching fast-paced entertainment programs.

摘要

相关研究表明，儿童早期看电视会产生一些有害影响，尤其是对于观看快节奏的娱乐节目。然而，这并没有得到实验研究的一致支持，其中许多缺乏生态有效性。目前的研究使用生态有效的实验设计，探讨了计划节奏对 41 名 3 岁和 4 岁儿童的注意力、问题解决和理解力的影响。孩子们在家中被探访了两次；每次访问时，他们都会看到一集流行的动画娱乐节目，其节奏各不相同：一个节奏较快，一个节奏较慢。儿童的行为被编码为观看期间的注意力和唤醒，观看后注意力和解决问题的努力，以及在不相关（解决问题）和相关（程序理解）任务上的表现。快节奏的节目参加的次数更多，而 3 岁的孩子在观看慢节奏的节目后，在解决问题的任务上表现出更多的注意力和努力，但在不相关或相关任务上的表现没有显着差异，具体取决于节奏。在这种自然主义环境中观察到的差异的缺乏以及对所观看节目的高度理解提供了一些证据来抵消幼儿观看快节奏娱乐节目时所感知的“伤害”。但在不相关或相关任务上的表现没有显着差异，具体取决于速度。在这种自然主义环境中观察到的差异的缺乏以及对所观看节目的高度理解提供了一些证据来抵消幼儿观看快节奏娱乐节目时所感知的“伤害”。但在不相关或相关任务上的表现没有显着差异，具体取决于速度。在这种自然主义环境中观察到的差异的缺乏以及对所观看节目的高度理解提供了一些证据来抵消幼儿观看快节奏娱乐节目时所感知的“伤害”。