The study aims to analyze the agroforestry system and its eco-efficiency, mainly from regulatory mechanisms and partnerships. We chose the stakeholder theory lenses to analyze the complex scenario of the relationship among different social actors. The contexts of Brazilian and Bulgaria agroforestry systems have been selected for our case study research. Twenty-four agroforestry experts/farmers working across 24 organizations and operating in Brazil and Bulgaria have been interviewed through semi-structured interviews. As a result, a comprehensive framework was created, which illustrates the key findings from the research divided into five directions: (i) key social actors in the agroforestry system, (ii) types of partnerships and cooperation between social actors; (iii) regulatory mechanisms for the agroforestry system, (iv) challenges of working with the agroforestry system, and (v) recommendations for future agroforestry entrepreneurs. Our comprehensive framework and findings will further support agroforestry farmers and policymakers.

该研究旨在主要通过监管机制和伙伴关系来分析农林业系统及其生态效率。我们选择了利益相关者理论的视角来分析不同社会角色之间关系的复杂场景。我们的案例研究选择了巴西和保加利亚农林业系统的环境。通过半结构化访谈对二十四个在24个组织中工作并在巴西和保加利亚开展业务的农林业专家/农民进行了访谈。结果，创建了一个综合框架，该框架将研究的主要发现分为五个方向：（i）农林业系统中的主要社会行为者；（ii）社会行为者之间的伙伴关系和合作类型；（iii）农林业系统的监管机制，（iv）与农林业系统合作的挑战，以及（v）对未来农林业企业家的建议。我们全面的框架和调查结果将进一步支持农林业的农民和政策制定者。