Residential sector is considered one of the largest consumers of primary energy in the world. The main part of total energy consumption in buildings refers to heating. The study presents a thermodynamic sustainability assessment of different energy sources for residential building heating. The paper presents universal methodology, which can be applied to energy and exergy analysis for all types of buildings. Various options of energy sources were studied, namely: coal, natural gas, electricity, district heating, air-water heat pump, biomass and district heating with a cogeneration. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted and appropriate efficiencies were determined. The calculation of an environmental impact factor and exergetic sustainability index for all types of considered energy sources was performed. The results showed that exergy efficiency was very low in all analyzed cases except for biomass, which leads to poor thermodynamic compatibility of energy quality from the supplied side and the energy used for building heating. It was shown that the highest exergy efficiency was in the case of biomass utilization (about 29%), due to the energy used from renewable energy sources. The minimum environmental impact factor (2.48) and maximum exergetic sustainability index (0.403) were found for the case of biomass utilization.

住宅部门被认为是世界上最大的一次能源消费国之一。建筑物中总能耗的主要部分是暖气。该研究提出了用于住宅建筑供暖的不同能源的热力学可持续性评估。本文介绍了通用方法，可将其应用于所有类型建筑物的能量和火用分析。研究了各种能源选择，包括：煤炭，天然气，电力，区域供热，空气-水热泵，生物质和热电联产的区域供热。进行了能量和火用分析，并确定了适当的效率。一个计算环境的影响因素和火用可持续发展指数对所有类型的考虑能源进行了评估。结果表明，在所有分析的情况下，除生物量外，火用效率都非常低，这会导致从供应侧来的能量质量和用于建筑供暖的能量的热力学兼容性差。结果表明，由于利用了可再生能源，能源利用效率最高（约占29％）。对于生物质利用，发现了最小的环境影响因子（2.48）和最大的能动可持续性指数（0.403）。