Wireless sensor networks consist of many sensor nodes with limited resources and computing capability. Thus, managing energy consumption to prolong network lifetime is a critical issue. Several approaches have been proposed to extend the network lifetime, one of which involves deploying relay nodes to transfer data from sensors to the base station. However, the limited number of relay nodes is a challenge that often goes overlooked. This paper examines the problem of optimizing the network lifetime and the number of relay nodes in three-dimensional terrains. A novel algorithm called MOEA/D-LS is proposed with the aim of obtaining a better tradeoff between two objectives. The algorithm is a hybridization between multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, and a special local search to optimize the former’s subproblems. Simulation results on 3D datasets show that the proposed algorithm has a significantly better performance compared with existing algorithms on all measured metrics.

无线传感器网络由资源和计算能力有限的许多传感器节点组成。因此，管理能耗以延长网络寿命是一个关键问题。已经提出了几种延长网络寿命的方法，其中一种方法是部署中继节点以将数据从传感器传输到基站。但是，中继节点数量有限是一个经常被忽视的挑战。本文研究了在三维地形中优化网络寿命和中继节点数量的问题。提出了一种称为MOEA / D-LS的新颖算法，旨在获得两个目标之间的更好权衡。该算法是基于分解的多目标进化算法与优化局部子问题的特殊局部搜索之间的混合。