Space resource utilization (SRU) can be a catalyst for a growing space economy. Significant reductions in cost, launch mass and risk for human and robotic activities beyond Earth can be achieved. Commercial entities will have the opportunity to generate revenue through economic development, allowing for a decreased dependency on governmental agencies for the exploration of space. A wide variety of materials can be found on planetary and small solar system bodies, which are potentially of great use to customers in space. This paper conducts a comparison of the economic and commercial potential of SRU on the surface of the Moon, Mars, a representative near-Earth asteroid and a representative main-belt asteroid. In particular, mining of water will be considered which will be electrolysed into hydrogen and oxygen using solar power. Coupled economic and trajectory optimization then results in the minimum specific cost to deliver propellant (LOX/LH${}_2$) from these bodies to a number of customer locations. Customers on the surface of or in orbit around the Earth, Moon, and Mars are investigated, along with Psyche, a large metallic main-belt asteroid. Using a cost model that considers technology maturation to allow current aviation-like costs to be used for development and manufacturing, missions are optimized. Results show that for customers beyond low-Earth orbit, SRU should be used instead of launching water-derived resource directly from the Earth. In particular, near-Earth asteroids are shown to be in an attractive location for mining, processing and delivering a large quantity of LOX/LH${}_2$ at a low specific cost, for customers in the vicinity of the Earth and the Moon, including nearby collinear Lagrange points. Exceptions are customers on the surface of the Earth and the Moon, who, together with customers on the surface of Mars, are better off mining and processing on that same surface. A sensitivity analysis shows that, for all investigated customers except Psyche, there are near-Earth asteroids available which can be used to deliver water-derived resources for a lower specific cost than the most ideal main-belt asteroid. Only once these near-Earth asteroids have been depleted, mining main-belt asteroids and transporting resources back to a customer in the vicinity of the Earth is worth considering.

空间资源利用（SRU）可以促进不断增长的空间经济。可以大大降低成本，发射质量，并降低人类和机器人在地球以外活动的风险。商业实体将有机会通过经济发展来创收，从而减少对政府机构进行太空探索的依赖。行星和小型太阳系物体上可以找到各种各样的材料，这些材料可能对太空中的客户有很大的用处。本文对月球，火星，代表性近地小行星和代表性主带小行星上的SRU的经济和商业潜力进行了比较。特别地，将考虑开采水，该水将利用太阳能被电解成氢和氧。${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$）从这些机构到许多客户地点。调查了地球，月球和火星表面或轨道上的客户以及大型金属主带小行星Psyche。使用考虑技术成熟度的成本模型，以允许将当前类似航空的成本用于开发和制造，从而优化任务。结果表明，对于低地球轨道以外的客户，应使用SRU，而不是直接从地球发射水源资源。特别是，近地小行星显示出处于吸引人的位置，可以进行采矿，加工和输送大量的LOX / LH${}_{\mathrm{2个}}$对于地球和月球附近的客户（包括附近的共线拉格朗日点），价格低廉。地球和月球表面的客户是例外，他们与火星表面的客户一起最好在同一表面进行采矿和加工。敏感性分析表明，对于除Psyche外的所有调查客户，都有近地小行星可供使用，这些小行星可用于以比最理想的主带小行星更低的特定成本来输送水源资源。仅在这些近地小行星耗尽之后，才值得考虑开采主带小行星并将资源运回地球附近的客户。