Stress and physical exertion may affect the physiology and behavior of wildlife during and after capture, and consequently, survival following release. Such effects may reduce the quality and quantity of the data obtained from captured wildlife. We captured spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri), a species listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act, in western Alaska, USA, during spring 2018 for surgical implantation of satellite transmitters. We evaluated the efficacy of midazolam, a benzodiazepine sedative given at capture, to reduce stress and physical exertion. We dosed spectacled eiders with either midazolam (5 mg/ml, = 2.2 mg/kg intramuscular; n = 20) or saline (0.7 ml intramuscular; n = 20) at the point of capture. We assessed sedation level and collected blood samples upon arrival to the field surgery site and at anesthetic induction. We found that midazolam reduced mean corticosterone concentration by 29% and median lactate concentration by 30.3% at the mean arrival time (42 min post-dosing) relative to the control group. These effects had abated by the mean induction time (99 min post-dosing). Unexpectedly, blood pH was reduced in the midazolam treatment relative to controls at both arrival and induction, which likely resulted from sedative-induced respiratory depression that was easily treated with intubation and mechanical ventilation, and administration of the reversal drug, flumazenil. Low blood pH was not associated with negative post-surgical outcomes, as had been found in spectacled eiders with acidosis caused by anaerobic metabolism typical of physical exertion. Intramuscular injection of midazolam in the field effectively reduced stress and physical exertion in spectacled eiders prior to surgical implantation of transmitters. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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咪达唑仑对植入发射器前眼镜绒毛皮质酮和血气的影响

压力和体力消耗可能会影响捕获期间和捕获后野生动物的生理和行为，从而影响释放后的生存。这种影响可能会降低从捕获的野生动物中获得的数据的质量和数量。我们于 2018 年春季在美国阿拉斯加西部捕获了眼镜绒鸭 ( Somateria fischeri )，这是一种根据《美国濒危物种法》列为受威胁物种的物种，用于卫星发射器的手术植入。我们评估了咪达唑仑（一种在捕获时给予的苯二氮卓类镇静剂）减轻压力和体力消耗的功效。我们用咪达唑仑（5 毫克/毫升，= 2.2 毫克/千克肌肉注射；n  = 20）或生理盐水（0.7 毫升肌肉注射；n = 20) 在捕获点。我们在到达现场手术部位和麻醉诱导时评估了镇静水平并收集了血液样本。我们发现，相对于对照组，咪达唑仑在平均到达时间（给药后 42 分钟）使平均皮质酮浓度降低了 29%，乳酸浓度中值降低了 30.3%。这些影响在平均诱导时间（给药后 99 分钟）后减弱。出乎意料的是，在到达和诱导时，咪达唑仑治疗中的血液 pH 值均低于对照组，这可能是由于镇静剂引起的呼吸抑制所致，这种呼吸抑制很容易通过插管和机械通气以及逆转药物氟马西尼的给药进行治疗。低血液 pH 值与手术后的负面结果无关，正如在眼镜绒鸭身上发现的那样，酸中毒是由体力消耗的典型无氧代谢引起的。在手术植入发射器之前，现场肌内注射咪达唑仑有效地减轻了眼镜鸭的压力和体力消耗。© 2021 野生动物协会。