While populations of the Endangered Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus have collapsed across its range, the species remains remarkably abundant on the island of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea. We examine how aspects of its ecology interplay with local environmental conditions, to inform conservation strategies for this species and other large parrots. On Príncipe, parrots breed in large trees of common species, with nest densities (42 ± 34 km−2) greatly exceeding those for any comparably sized parrot. Productivity is high (1.9 chicks per cavity), probably reflecting the absence of nest competitors and predators. Food sources are abundant and much of the island is inaccessible to trappers, so many nests are successful each year. Historically harvest has involved taking only chicks from trees in a few traditional patches. These conditions have combined to allow Grey Parrots to thrive on Príncipe, while elsewhere nest trees are timber targets, nest competition and nest predation are likely to be more intense, trapping is indiscriminate, and few areas remain unexploited by trappers. Preservation of large trees as breeding refugia, and vigilance against the indiscriminate trapping of adult birds, are identified as key conditions to stabilize and recover mainland Grey Parrot populations and indeed large parrots generally, given their very similar ecological traits and anthropogenic circumstances.

中文翻译：

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普林西比岛上大量的灰鹦鹉能告诉我们关于大型鹦鹉保护的什么信息？

而濒临灭绝的灰鹦鹉的种群鹦鹉螺尽管该物种在其分布范围内倒塌，但该物种在几内亚湾的普林西比岛上仍然非常丰富。我们研究了其生态方面如何与当地环境条件相互作用，为该物种和其他大型鹦鹉的保护策略提供信息。在普林西比，鹦鹉在常见物种的大树中繁殖，巢穴密度（42 ± 34 公里）-2) 大大超过任何同等大小的鹦鹉。生产力很高（每腔 1.9 只小鸡），这可能反映了巢穴竞争者和捕食者的缺失。食物来源丰富，岛上大部分地区捕猎者无法进入，因此每年都有很多巢穴成功。从历史上看，收获只涉及在一些传统的补丁中从树上采集小鸡。这些条件结合在一起，使灰鹦鹉在普林西比茁壮成长，而其他地方的巢树是木材目标，巢穴竞争和巢穴捕食可能更加激烈，诱捕是不分青红皂白的，很少有地区未被捕猎者开发。保护大树作为繁殖避难所，警惕不分青红皂白地诱捕成鸟，