The techno-economical analysis such as collector size, weight, cost, embodied energy, and environmental aspects were performed for Cu/water nanofluid flow in flat plate collector with various kinds of wire coil configurations based on the collector efficiency. Results show, the collector thermal efficiency is augmented for Cu/water nanofluids rather than water in the collector. By using ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid in collector its thermal efficiency is 61.47% but with water it is 56.68%; the collector thermal efficiency is further enhanced to 68.48% at ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79. The collector area is reduced to 2.76 m² for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid but it is 3 m² for water in the collector; collector area is further lowered to 2.48 m² for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79. The Nusselt number raise is 20.46% and further rose to 46.23% for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79 against water. The penalty in friction factor is 1.24- and 1.44-times for ϕ = 0.3% nanofluid with and without wire coil configuration of p/d = 1.79 over the water.

中文翻译：

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具有铜/水纳米流体和线圈配置的热虹吸太阳能热水系统：效率、能源、经济、环境和传热研究

基于收集器效率，对具有各种线圈配置的平板收集器中的铜/水纳米流体流动进行了收集器尺寸、重量、成本、隐含能量和环境方面的技术经济分析。结果表明，Cu/水纳米流体的集热器热效率比集热器中的水增加了。通过在集热器中使用ϕ = 0.3% 的纳米流体，其热效率为 61.47%，而水为 56.68%；在φ = 0.3% 纳米流体且线圈配置为p / d = 1.79 时，集热器的热效率进一步提高到 68.48% 。对于φ = 0.3% 纳米流体，集电极面积减少到 2.76 m ²但它是 3 m²收集器中的水；对于φ = 0.3% 纳米流体，线圈配置为p / d = 1.79，集电极面积进一步降低到 2.48 m ²。Nusselt 数提高了 20.46%，对于φ = 0.3% 的纳米流体，线圈配置为p / d = 1.79，对水进一步上升到 46.23% 。对于φ = 0.3% 纳米流体， 在水面上有和没有p / d = 1.79 的线圈配置时，摩擦系数的损失是 1.24 倍和 1.44 倍。