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Deliquescence of Eutectic LiCl-KCl Diluted with NaCl for Interim Waste Salt Storage
Nuclear Technology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 , DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2021.1889923
Levi Gardner 1 , Allison Harward 1 , Jerry Howard 1 , Guy Fredrickson 2 , Tae-Sic Yoo 2 , Michael Simpson 1 , Krista Carlson 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Molten eutectic LiCl-KCl salt is a widely used electrolyte for electrorefining uranium from spent nuclear fuel. Due to the hygroscopic nature of this salt, such operations must be performed under controlled atmospheric conditions, and waste salts require careful storage to avoid deliquescence and corrosion of container materials. This study investigated a potential processing path for reducing the degree of deliquescence through dilution to varying extents with NaCl. The hydration behavior of LiCl-KCl salts diluted with NaCl was evaluated in terms of mass gain due to water absorption, degree of deliquescence (including first appearances of standing water), and evidence of corrosion to stainless steel containers in a humid air environment (40°C, 20% relative humidity). In this humid air environment, pure eutectic LiCl-KCl exhibited a 50 mass % increase due to water absorption and showed evidence of standing water after 24 h. Waste salt diluted with NaCl required loadings of 89 mass % NaCl in order to prevent deliquescence and exhibited a 3 mass % increase due to water absorption. After periodic observation for 48 h, standing water was observed near all ingots with the exception of the 89 mass % NaCl samples. Dilution with 89% NaCl was also found to reduce evidence of corrosion when stored in stainless steel crucibles. While dilution with NaCl greatly decreases steady-state hydration, the storage volume is increased ~10× through this procedure.



中文翻译:

用 NaCl 稀释的共晶 LiCl-KCl 的潮解用于临时废盐储存

摘要

熔融共晶 LiCl-KCl 盐是一种广泛使用的电解液,用于从乏核燃料中电解精炼铀。由于这种盐的吸湿性,这种操作必须在受控的大气条件下进行,并且废盐需要小心储存以避免容器材料的潮解和腐蚀。本研究调查了通过用 NaCl 稀释到不同程度来降低潮解程度的潜在加工途径。用 NaCl 稀释的 LiCl-KCl 盐的水合行为是根据吸水引起的质量增加、潮解程度(包括静水的首次出现)以及在潮湿空气环境中对不锈钢容器的腐蚀证据(40 °C,20% 相对湿度)。在这种潮湿的空气环境中,纯共晶 LiCl-KCl 由于吸水而表现出 50 质量% 的增加,并在 24 小时后显示出积水的迹象。用 NaCl 稀释的废盐需要 89 质量%的 NaCl 负载以防止潮解,并且由于吸水而表现出 3 质量%的增加。定期观察 48 小时后,除 89 质量% NaCl 样品外,在所有铸锭附近都观察到了积水。当储存在不锈钢坩埚中时,还发现用 89% NaCl 稀释可以减少腐蚀迹象。虽然用 NaCl 稀释会大大降低稳态水合作用,但通过此过程,存储体积会增加约 10 倍。用 NaCl 稀释的废盐需要 89 质量%的 NaCl 负载以防止潮解,并且由于吸水而表现出 3 质量%的增加。定期观察 48 小时后,除 89 质量% NaCl 样品外,在所有铸锭附近都观察到了积水。当储存在不锈钢坩埚中时,还发现用 89% NaCl 稀释可以减少腐蚀迹象。虽然用 NaCl 稀释会大大降低稳态水合作用,但通过此过程,存储体积会增加约 10 倍。用 NaCl 稀释的废盐需要 89 质量%的 NaCl 负载以防止潮解,并且由于吸水而表现出 3 质量%的增加。定期观察 48 小时后,除 89 质量% NaCl 样品外,在所有铸锭附近都观察到了积水。当储存在不锈钢坩埚中时,还发现用 89% NaCl 稀释可以减少腐蚀迹象。虽然用 NaCl 稀释会大大降低稳态水合作用,但通过此过程,存储体积会增加约 10 倍。

更新日期:2021-04-07
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