Aims:

(1) To describe the time trends of monthly cannabis use and (2) to analyse the association between the trends of monthly cannabis use and trends of different explanatory factors among adolescents in Estonia in 2003–2019.

Methods:

Nationally representative data from five waves of the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) among 15–16-year-old adolescents (n = 11,348) in Estonia were analysed. Tests for trends were used to assess significant changes in monthly cannabis use and explanatory variables over time. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between monthly cannabis use and perceived easiness of getting cannabis, perceived health risk of cannabis use, parental factors, risk behaviours, and leisure time activities. The model included interaction terms between the study year and each explanatory variable. Gender-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results:

Monthly cannabis use increased from 5.3% in 2003 to 7.7% in 2015 and thereafter decreased to 6.6% in 2019 among adolescents in Estonia (P = 0.007). The association between monthly cannabis use and alcohol use was significant over the study period and the interaction of alcohol use with study year indicated significantly increased effect of alcohol use over time (P = 0.038). The association between monthly cannabis use and perceived easiness of obtaining cannabis, perceived low health risk from cannabis use and smoking was significant, but remained unchanged over the study period. The relationship between monthly cannabis use and low parental control was significant in two last study years but did not show any changes over time.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study demonstrate the need for the implementation of multi-component substance use prevention programmes among adolescents in Estonia that also pay attention to the factors associated with the cannabis use.

中文翻译：

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2003-2019 年爱沙尼亚 15-16 岁青少年的大麻使用及相关因素：ESPAD 横断面调查结果

目标：

(1) 描述每月大麻使用的时间趋势；(2) 分析 2003-2019 年爱沙尼亚青少年每月大麻使用趋势与不同解释因素趋势之间的关联。

方法：

分析了爱沙尼亚15-16 岁青少年 ( n = 11,348) 的五次横断面欧洲学校酒精和其他药物调查项目 (ESPAD) 的具有全国代表性的数据。趋势测试用于评估每月大麻使用和解释变量随时间的显着变化。逻辑回归分析用于分析每月使用大麻与感知获得大麻的容易程度、感知使用大麻的健康风险、父母因素、风险行为和休闲时间活动之间的关联。该模型包括研究年份和每个解释变量之间的交互项。计算了具有 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的性别调整优势比 ( OR )。

结果：

爱沙尼亚青少年的月度大麻使用率从 2003 年的 5.3% 上升到 2015 年的 7.7%，之后下降到 2019 年的 6.6%（P = 0.007）。在研究期间，每月大麻使用与酒精使用之间的关联显着，酒精使用与研究年份的相互作用表明随着时间的推移，酒精使用的影响显着增加（P = 0.038）。每月使用大麻与获得大麻的容易程度、使用大麻和吸烟带来的低健康风险之间的关联是显着的，但在研究期间保持不变。在过去的两个研究年中，每月使用大麻与父母控制率低之间的关系很显着，但随着时间的推移没有任何变化。

结论：

这项研究的结果表明，需要在爱沙尼亚的青少年中实施多成分物质使用预防计划，同时注意与大麻使用相关的因素。