The decade before the First World War saw a heightened level of social and political conflicts throughout Germany and Austria-Hungary. Strikes in pre-1914 central Europe have largely been examined as part of the development of the workers’ movement, but much less often from the perspective of the employers and government elites. Their strategies to counteract “strike terrorism” included hiring replacement workers through private strikebreaking agents, who provided a variety of services such as recruitment, transportation, housing, and providing “willing workers” with weapons for their self-defense. The discourses around “strike terrorism,” and the repressive strategies to counter it, are a lens through which we can look afresh at some of the most crucial issues in the history of central European empires in the prewar years, namely the structure of violence embedded in social conflicts, migration, growing political antagonism, and fears surrounding social democracy. This article analyzes the public debate around the protection of “willing workers” as well as concrete episodes of antilabor violence in a transnational framework. It offers a reassessment of social conflicts in the period following the 1905 social mobilizations in central Europe, and it explores the circulation of antilabor measures between Germany and Austria-Hungary, their radicalizing impact, and their connections with labor migration patterns.

第一次世界大战爆发前的十年，整个德国和奥匈帝国的社会和政治冲突不断加剧。作为工人运动发展的一部分，对1914年以前中欧的罢工进行了广泛的考察，但从雇主和政府精英的角度来看，罢工的次数却很少。他们打击“打击恐怖主义”的策略包括通过罢工的私营公司雇用替代工人，这些工人提供各种服务，例如招募，运输，住房，并为“自愿的工人”提供武器以进行自卫。围绕“打击恐怖主义”的论述以及制止恐怖主义的压制性策略，是我们可以重新审视战前年代中欧帝国历史上一些最关键问题的镜头，即社会冲突，移民，政治对抗的加剧以及对社会民主的恐惧中所嵌入的暴力结构。本文分析了围绕“自愿工人”的保护以及跨国框架中反劳工暴力的具体事件的公开辩论。它提供了对1905年中欧社会动员之后的社会冲突的重新评估，并探讨了德国和奥地利-匈牙利之间的反劳工措施的流通，其激进的影响以及它们与劳务移民模式的联系。本文分析了围绕“自愿工人”的保护以及跨国框架中反劳工暴力的具体事件的公开辩论。它提供了对1905年中欧社会动员之后的社会冲突的重新评估，并探讨了德国和奥地利-匈牙利之间的反劳工措施的流通，其激进的影响以及它们与劳务移民模式的联系。本文分析了围绕“自愿工人”的保护以及跨国框架中反劳工暴力的具体事件的公开辩论。它提供了对1905年中欧社会动员之后的社会冲突的重新评估，并探讨了德国和奥地利-匈牙利之间的反劳工措施的流通，其激进的影响以及它们与劳务移民模式的联系。