Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) may disrupt typical development of neural systems underlying impulse control and emotion regulation. Yet resilient outcomes are observed in some individuals exposed to CM. Individual differences in adult functioning may result from variation in inhibitory control in the context of emotional distractions, underpinned by cognitive–affective brain circuits. Thirty-eight healthy adults with a history of substantiated CM and 34 nonmaltreated adults from the same longitudinal sample performed a Go/No-Go task in which task-relevant stimuli (letters) were presented at the center of task-irrelevant, negative, or neutral images, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The comparison group, but not the maltreated group, made increased inhibitory control errors in the context of negative, but not neutral, distractor images. In addition, the comparison group had greater right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral frontal pole activation during inhibitory control blocks with negative compared to neutral background images relative to the CM group. Across the full sample, greater adaptive functioning in everyday contexts was associated with superior inhibitory control and greater right frontal pole activation. Results suggest that resilience following early adversity is associated with enhanced attention and behavioral regulation in the context of task-irrelevant negative emotional stimuli in a laboratory setting.

暴露于童年虐待 (CM) 可能会破坏冲动控制和情绪调节背后的神经系统的典型发育。然而，在一些暴露于 CM 的个体中观察到了有弹性的结果。成人功能的个体差异可能是由于在情绪分散的情况下抑制控制的变化，并以认知-情感脑回路为基础。来自同一纵向样本的 38 名有经证实的 CM 病史的健康成年人和 34 名未受虐待的成年人执行了一项 Go/No-Go 任务，其中与任务相关的刺激（字母）呈现在任务无关的、消极的或中性图像，同时进行功能磁共振成像。对照组，但不是虐待组，在消极而非中性的情况下增加了抑制性控制错误，干扰图像。此外，与 CM 组相比，与中性背景图像相比，对照组在抑制性控制块期间具有更大的右侧额下回和双侧额极激活。在整个样本中，日常环境中更好的适应性功能与更好的抑制控制和更好的右额极激活有关。结果表明，在实验室环境中与任务无关的负面情绪刺激的背景下，早期逆境后的恢复力与增强的注意力和行为调节有关。在整个样本中，日常环境中更好的适应性功能与更好的抑制控制和更好的右额极激活有关。结果表明，在实验室环境中与任务无关的负面情绪刺激的背景下，早期逆境后的恢复力与增强的注意力和行为调节有关。在整个样本中，日常环境中更好的适应性功能与更好的抑制控制和更好的右额极激活有关。结果表明，在实验室环境中与任务无关的负面情绪刺激的背景下，早期逆境后的恢复力与增强的注意力和行为调节有关。