A majority of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries depend to a large extent on agriculture for food security and income. Efforts aimed at improving farm-related profitability are therefore important to improving livelihoods among smallholder farmers. In Ghana, for example, smallholder farmers that depend on agriculture face serious risks especially those related to climate change and variability and soil degradation. Notwithstanding these dangers, evidence of the published literature on how best to tackle these challenges is limited. Over the recent decades, however, there has been advancement by programs channelling resources into Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices to improving smallholder livelihoods and food security. The interest in advancing investment in CSA practices is a key pathway that has the potential to significantly reduce the negative effect of climate change and variability risks on smallholder farmers livelihoods. Investing in CSA practices is also a key pathway to improving farm yield per unit area. Consequently, smallholder farmers are adopting and implementing CSA practices. Despite that, a gap still exists on the profitability of undertaking such an investment, as this is key in determining the sustainability of CSA practices. On this basis, the present study undertook a detailed cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of seven CSA practices identified with smallholder farmers in the coastal savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana. A total of 48 smallholder farmers that had adopted these practices were studied. Three CBA indicators namely the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PP) were assessed for each of the seven CSA practices. The results showed that out of the seven CSA practices examined, six of them were profitably suitable for adoption and scaling up from the perspective of smallholder farmers as well as the public perspective. The finding from this study, therefore, fill the current information gap in the literature on the costs and benefits of adopting CSA practices on household livelihoods in Ghana. Such a finding is critical to the promotion and scaling up the adoption of CSA practices by smallholder farmers and serve as a basis of formulating appropriate guidelines and policies for supporting CSA practices.

撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家的大多数小农户在很大程度上依靠农业来获得粮食安全和收入。因此，旨在改善与农场有关的盈利能力的努力对于改善小农户的生计至关重要。例如，在加纳，依赖农业的小农户面临着严重的风险，尤其是与气候变化，多变性和土壤退化有关的风险。尽管存在这些危险，但有关如何最好地应对这些挑战的文献的证据仍然有限。然而，在最近几十年中，通过计划将资源引入气候智能型农业（CSA）做法，以改善小农户的生计和粮食安全，已经取得了进展。对促进对CSA做法的投资的兴趣是一条关键途径，有可能显着减少气候变化和多变性风险对小农农民生计的负面影响。对CSA做法的投资也是提高单位面积农场产量的关键途径。因此，小农户正在采用和实施CSA做法。尽管如此，在进行此类投资的盈利能力上仍然存在差距，因为这对于确定CSA做法的可持续性至关重要。在此基础上，本研究对加纳沿海大草原农业生态区的小农户所确定的七种CSA做法进行了详细的成本效益分析（CBA）。总共对采用这些做法的48个小农进行了研究。对于七个CSA做法，分别评估了三个CBA指标，即净现值（NPV），内部收益率（IRR）和投资回收期（PP）。结果表明，从小农户和公众的角度出发，在所研究的7种CSA做法中，有6种非常有利于采用和扩大规模。因此，这项研究的结果填补了文献中有关加纳家庭生活采用CSA做法的成本和收益的当前信息空白。这一发现对于促进和扩大小农户采用CSA做法至关重要，并且是制定适当指导方针和政策以支持CSA做法的基础。评估了7种CSA做法的内部收益率（IRR）和投资回收期（PP）。结果表明，从小农户和公众的角度出发，在所研究的7种CSA做法中，有6种非常有利于采用和扩大规模。因此，这项研究的结果填补了文献中有关加纳家庭生活采用CSA做法的成本和收益的当前信息空白。这一发现对于促进和扩大小农户采用CSA做法至关重要，并且是制定适当指导方针和政策以支持CSA做法的基础。评估了7种CSA做法的内部收益率（IRR）和投资回收期（PP）。结果表明，从小农户和公众的角度出发，在所研究的7种CSA做法中，有6种非常有利于采用和扩大规模。因此，这项研究的结果填补了文献中有关加纳家庭生活采用CSA做法的成本和收益的当前信息空白。这一发现对于促进和扩大小农户采用CSA做法至关重要，并且是制定适当指导方针和政策以支持CSA做法的基础。从小农户和公众的角度来看，其中有六家适合采用和扩大规模，有利可图。因此，这项研究的结果填补了文献中有关加纳家庭生活采用CSA做法的成本和收益的当前信息空白。这一发现对于促进和扩大小农户采用CSA做法至关重要，并且是制定适当指导方针和政策以支持CSA做法的基础。从小农户的角度以及公众的角度来看，其中有六个非常有利于采用和扩大规模。因此，这项研究的结果填补了文献中有关加纳家庭生活采用CSA做法的成本和收益的当前信息空白。这一发现对于促进和扩大小农户采用CSA做法至关重要，并且是制定适当指导方针和政策以支持CSA做法的基础。