Vertebrates harbor recognizably orthologous gene complements but vary 100-fold in genome size. How chromosomal organization scales with genome expansion is unclear, and how acute changes in gene regulation, as during axolotl limb regeneration, occur in the context of a vast genome has remained a riddle. Here, we describe the chromosome-scale assembly of the giant, 32 Gb axolotl genome. Hi-C contact data revealed the scaling properties of interphase and mitotic chromosome organization. Analysis of the assembly yielded understanding of the evolution of large, syntenic multigene clusters, including the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and the functional regulatory landscape of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (Axfgf8) region. The axolotl serves as a primary model for studying successful regeneration.

脊椎动物具有可识别的直系同源基因互补，但基因组大小相差 100 倍。染色体组织如何随着基因组扩展而扩展尚不清楚，并且在巨大基因组的背景下，如蝾螈肢体再生期间基因调控的急剧变化如何发生仍然是一个谜。在这里，我们描述了巨型 32 Gb 蝾螈基因组的染色体规模组装。Hi-C 接触数据揭示了间期和有丝分裂染色体组织的缩放特性。对组装的分析产生了对大型同线多基因簇进化的理解，包括主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 和成纤维细胞生长因子 8 ( Axfgf8 ) 区域的功能调节景观。蝾螈作为研究成功再生的主要模型。