Bamboo-chicken farming (BCF) is a popular bamboo complex management model in Southeast Asia. However, the effects of BCF on phosphorus (P) availability and associated soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the soil properties, P fractions, phosphatase activities, and bacterial community compositions in the surface soil (0–20 cm) of a typical BCF system under different grazing densities [represented as distances of 5, 15, 25, 35, and > 60 m (control site) from the henhouse, respectively]. We observed that total P (Pt) accumulation was more rapid than that of SOC and TN with increasing grazing density. Labile and moderately labile P dominated soil P accumulation under BCF. Resin-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi, and 1 M HCl-Pi increased by 100–233%, 83–183%, and 414–1,314%, respectively, compared with the control. The ratio of labile and moderately labile organic P to the Pt content decreased significantly with increasing grazing density from 38.54% (control) to 17.65% (5 m site). Soil phosphatase activity increased with increasing grazing density, suggesting that BCF effectively promoted the mineralization of soil Po. Inorganic P (Resin-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi, and 1 M HCl-Pi) was positively correlated with Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Arthrobacter but negatively correlated with Burkholderia; this highlights the different functional bacteria involved in P cycling. We conclude that BCF generally increased soil P availability and supply capacity, and the changes in P forms were closely related to changes in soil bacterial community composition. The highly labile P and low C : P ratio under high grazing density conditions may cause soil nutrient imbalance and P leaching.

中文翻译：

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雷竹（Phyllostachys praecox）森林生态系统养鸡后土壤磷有效性及相关微生物特性的变化

竹鸡养殖（BCF）是东南亚流行的竹子综合管理模式。然而，BCF 对磷（P）有效性和相关土壤微生物群落的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们比较了不同放牧密度下典型 BCF 系统表层土壤（0-20 厘米）中的土壤特性、P 分数、磷酸酶活性和细菌群落组成[表示为 5、15、25、距鸡舍 35 和 > 60 m（控制点）]。我们观察到，随着放牧密度的增加，总 P (Pt) 的积累比 SOC 和 TN 的积累更快。在 BCF 下，不稳定和中度不稳定的磷在土壤中占主导地位。树脂-Pi, NaHCO ₃-Pi 和 1 M HCl-Pi 与对照相比分别增加了 100–233%、83–183% 和 414–1,314%。随着放牧密度从 38.54%（对照）增加到 17.65%（5 m 场地），不稳定和中度不稳定有机 P 与 Pt 含量的比率显着降低。土壤磷酸酶活性随着放牧密度的增加而增加，表明 BCF 有效地促进了土壤 Po 的矿化。无机 P（树脂-Pi 、NaHCO ₃ -Pi 和 1 M HCl-Pi）与黄杆菌、假单胞菌和节杆菌呈正相关，但与伯克霍尔德菌呈负相关; 这突出了参与 P 循环的不同功能细菌。我们得出结论，BCF普遍增加了土壤磷的有效性和供应能力，磷形态的变化与土壤细菌群落组成的变化密切相关。高放牧密度条件下高度不稳定的P和低C:P比可能导致土壤养分失衡和P淋失。