As income inequality in the United States has reached an all-time high, commentators from across the political spectrum warn about the social implications of these economic changes. America, they fear, is “coming apart” as the gap between the rich and poor grows into a fault line. This paper provides a comprehensive review of empirical scholarship in sociology, education, demography, and economics in order to address the question: How have five decades of growing economic inequality shaped America's social landscape? We find that growing levels of income inequality have been accompanied by increasing socioeconomic segregation across (1) friendship networks and romantic partners, (2) residential neighborhoods, (3) K-12 and university education, and (4) workplaces and the labor market. The trends documented in this review give substance to commentators' concerns: compared to the 1970s, rich and poor Americans today are less likely to know one another and to share the same social spaces. The United States is a nation divided.

中文翻译：

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美国要分裂了吗？1970-2020 年社区、学校、工作场所和社交网络中的社会经济隔离

随着美国的收入不平等达到历史最高水平，来自各个政治领域的评论员就这些经济变化的社会影响发出警告。他们担心，随着贫富差距变成断层线，美国正在“分崩离析”。本文对社会学、教育、人口学和经济学领域的实证研究进行了全面回顾，以解决以下问题：5 年不断加剧的经济不平等如何塑造了美国的社会格局？我们发现，收入不平等程度的加剧伴随着 (1) 友谊网络和浪漫伴侣、(2) 住宅区、(3) K-12 和大学教育以及 (4) 工作场所和劳动力市场之间的社会经济隔离加剧. 本评论中记录的趋势为评论员的担忧提供了实质内容：与 1970 年代相比，今天的富人和穷人不太可能相互了解并共享相同的社交空间。美国是一个分裂的国家。