Liver disorders due to infections are a substantial health concern in underdeveloped and industrialized countries. This includes not only hepatotropic viruses (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C) but also bacterial and parasitic infections such as amebiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, or echinococcosis. Recent studies of the immune mechanisms underlying liver disease show that monocytes play an essential role in determining patient outcomes. Monocytes are derived from the mononuclear phagocyte lineage in the bone marrow and are present in nearly all tissues of the body; these cells function as part of the early innate immune response that reacts to challenge by external pathogens. Due to their special ability to develop into tissue macrophages and dendritic cells and to change from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, monocytes play a pivotal role in infectious and non-infectious liver diseases: they can maintain inflammation and support resolution of inflammation. Therefore, tight regulation of monocyte recruitment and termination of monocyte-driven immune responses in the liver is prerequisite to appropriate healing of organ damage. In this review, we discuss monocyte-dependent immune mechanisms underlying hepatic infectious disorders. Better understanding of these immune mechanisms may lead to development of new interventions to treat acute liver disease and prevent progression to organ failure.

在不发达国家和工业化国家，感染引起的肝病是一个重大的健康问题。这不仅包括嗜肝病毒（例如乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎），还包括细菌和寄生虫感染，例如阿米巴病、利什曼病、血吸虫病或包虫病。最近对肝脏疾病免疫机制的研究表明，单核细胞在决定患者预后方面起着至关重要的作用。单核细胞来源于骨髓中的单核吞噬细胞谱系，几乎存在于身体的所有组织中；这些细胞作为早期先天免疫反应的一部分发挥作用，对外部病原体的挑战作出反应。由于它们具有发育成组织巨噬细胞和树突状细胞以及从炎症表型转变为抗炎表型的特殊能力，单核细胞在感染性和非感染性肝病中起着关键作用：它们可以维持炎症并支持炎症的消退。因此，在肝脏中严格调节单核细胞募集和终止单核细胞驱动的免疫反应是器官损伤适当愈合的先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肝脏感染性疾病的单核细胞依赖性免疫机制。更好地了解这些免疫机制可能会导致开发新的干预措施来治疗急性肝病并防止进展为器官衰竭。肝脏中单核细胞募集的严格调节和单核细胞驱动的免疫反应的终止是器官损伤适当愈合的先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肝脏感染性疾病的单核细胞依赖性免疫机制。更好地了解这些免疫机制可能会导致开发新的干预措施来治疗急性肝病并防止进展为器官衰竭。肝脏中单核细胞募集的严格调节和单核细胞驱动的免疫反应的终止是器官损伤适当愈合的先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肝脏感染性疾病的单核细胞依赖性免疫机制。更好地了解这些免疫机制可能会导致开发新的干预措施来治疗急性肝病并防止进展为器官衰竭。