Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) were selected for inclusion in the development of a Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation for the World Health Organization (WHO). Here, we describe results of a search of guidelines for these conditions. Methods: A literature search for clinical practice guidelines was performed for ASD and ID. Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument and other inclusion and exclusion criteria, guidelines were identified for abstraction of recommendations, which were collated into categories based on diagnosis, patient age, type and target of service, valence, and level of evidence. Results: Six guidelines remained after screening. Four ASD guidelines focused on diagnosis, management and support, and two ID guidelines covered the prevention, assessment, and management of challenging behavior and mental health problems, with 386 and 138 recommendations resulting for each group, respectively. Out of 524 total recommendations, 212 ASD and 58 ID recommendations focused on intervention. The primary type of intervention pertained to pharmacology for each group (27% ASD, 29% ID), followed by psychosocial (21%) and biomedical (23%) for ASD and behavioral (14%) and psychological (14%) for ID. Regarding target of intervention, recommendations primarily focused on coexisting conditions for each group (56% ASD, 93% ID) and core symptoms for ASD (26%), whereas adaptive functioning received little attention (11% ASD, 7% ID). Conclusions: Although these six guidelines provided many recommendations for comorbid and specific problems in ASD and ID, very few recommendations targeted core symptoms, and many were based on expert opinion. A vital next step includes identifying relevant interventions from the guidelines or that are missing to be included in the WHO Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation.

中文翻译：

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系统评价：《临床实践指南》中关于ASD和ID康复的建议

目的：选择自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和智力障碍（ID）纳入世界卫生组织（WHO）康复干预计划的制定中。在这里，我们描述了针对这些情况的指南搜索结果。方法：对ASD和ID进行临床实践指南的文献检索。使用《研究和评估指南评估工具》以及其他纳入和排除标准，确定了用于提取建议的指南，这些指南根据诊断，患者年龄，服务类型和目标，效价和证据水平分为三类。结果：筛查后仍保留六项指南。四个ASD指南侧重于诊断，管理和支持，两个ID指南涵盖了预防，评估，以及应对具有挑战性的行为和精神健康问题的管理，每组分别得出386条和138条建议。在524项建议中，有212项ASD和58项ID重点针对干预。干预的主要类型涉及每组的药理学（ASD为27％，ID为29％），其次为ASD的社会心理（21％）和生物医学（23％），ID的行为（14％）和心理（14％） 。关于干预目标，建议主要集中在每组并存的情况（ASD为56％，ID为93％）和ASD的核心症状（26％），而适应性功能很少受到关注（ASD为11％，ID为7％）。结论：尽管这六项指南为ASD和ID的合并症和特定问题提供了许多建议，但针对核心症状的建议却很少，许多都是基于专家的意见。至关重要的下一步包括从指南中确定相关的干预措施，或者将这些干预措施遗漏到WHO的“康复干预计划”中。