The advent of genome editing has opened new avenues for targeted trait enhancement in fruit, ornamental, industrial, and all specialty crops. In particular, CRISPR-based editing systems, derived from bacterial immune systems, have quickly become routinely used tools for research groups across the world seeking to edit plant genomes with a greater level of precision, higher efficiency, reduced off-target effects, and overall ease-of-use compared to ZFNs and TALENs. CRISPR systems have been applied successfully to a number of horticultural and industrial crops to enhance fruit ripening, increase stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, control the timing of flower development, and enhance the accumulation of desired metabolites, among other commercially-important traits. As editing technologies continue to advance, so too does the ability to generate improved crop varieties with non-transgenic modifications; in some crops, direct transgene-free edits have already been achieved, while in others, T-DNAs have successfully been segregated out through crossing. In addition to the potential to produce non-transgenic edited crops, and thereby circumvent regulatory impediments to the release of new, improved crop varieties, targeted gene editing can speed up trait improvement in crops with long juvenile phases, reducing inputs resulting in faster market introduction to the market. While many challenges remain regarding optimization of genome editing in ornamental, fruit, and industrial crops, the ongoing discovery of novel nucleases with niche specialties for engineering applications may form the basis for additional and potentially crop-specific editing strategies.

基因组编辑的出现为水果、观赏植物、工业作物和所有特种作物的定向性状增强开辟了新途径。特别是，源自细菌免疫系统的基于 CRISPR 的编辑系统已迅速成为世界各地研究小组的常规使用工具，这些研究小组寻求以更高的精度、更高的效率、减少脱靶效应和整体与 ZFN 和 TALEN 相比，易于使用。CRISPR 系统已成功应用于许多园艺和经济作物，以提高果实成熟度、增强抗逆性、改变植物结构、控制花发育时间以及增强所需代谢物的积累，以及其他重要的商业性状。随着编辑技术的不断进步，产生具有非转基因修饰的改良作物品种的能力也是如此；在一些作物中，已经实现了直接的无转基因编辑，而在另一些作物中，T-DNA 已经通过杂交成功分离出来。除了生产非转基因编辑作物的潜力，从而规避对新的改良作物品种发布的监管障碍外，有针对性的基因编辑还可以加速长幼期作物的性状改良，减少投入，从而加快市场引入去市场。尽管在优化观赏植物、水果和经济作物的基因组编辑方面仍然存在许多挑战，但对于工程应用具有特殊特殊性的新型核酸酶的持续发现可能会为其他潜在的作物特异性编辑策略奠定基础。