Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive synoptic systems and can cause enormous loss of life and property damages in the South Pacific island nations. The impact of tropical depressions (TDs, i.e. weaker systems that do not develop into TCs) can also be staggering in the region in terms of heavy flooding and landslides, but a lack of complete records often hinders research involving TD impacts. A methodology has been developed here to detect TDs in the ERA-5 reanalysis dataset (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate) using the Okubo–Weiss–Zeta parameter (OWZP) detection scheme. The new South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones dataset (SPEArTC), the Dvorak analysis of satellite-based cloud patterns over the South Pacific Ocean basin, and a rainfall dataset for various stations and historical archives have been utilized to validate ERA5-derived TCs and TDs for the period between 1979 and 2019. Results indicate that the OWZP method shows substantial skill in capturing the realistic climatological distribution of TDs (as well as TCs) for the South Pacific Ocean in the ERA5 reanalysis, paving a way forward for future climatological studies involving the impacts of TCs and TDs over the island nations using longer-term reanalyses products such as the 20th-century reanalysis dataset that extends back to the 1850s.

中文翻译：

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使用 ERA-5 再分析数据集检测和验证南太平洋盆地上空的热带气旋和低气压

热带气旋 (TC) 是最具破坏性的天气系统之一，会在南太平洋岛国造成巨大的生命损失和财产损失。热带低气压（TDs，即不会发展为 TCs 的较弱系统）在该地区的严重洪水和山体滑坡的影响也可能是惊人的，但缺乏完整的记录往往阻碍了涉及 TD 影响的研究。这里开发了一种方法来使用 Okubo-Weiss-Zeta 参数 (OWZP) 检测方案检测 ERA-5 再分析数据集（全球气候的第五代 ECMWF 大气再分析）中的 TD。新的南太平洋热带气旋数据集增强档案 (SPEArTC)，德沃夏克对南太平洋海盆上空基于卫星的云模式的分析，