Abstract

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts trillions of microbial inhabitants involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis of which provokes a motley of pathogenic and autoimmune disorders. While the mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates human health are manifold, their liberated metabolites from ingested dietary supplements play a crucial role by bidirectionally regulating the expression of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been confirmed to be involved in an interplay with microbiota to regulate host gene expression. This comprehensive review focuses on key principles of miRNAs, their regulation, and crosstalk with gut microbiota to influence host gene expression in various human disorders, by bringing together important recent findings centric around miRNA–microbiota interactions in diseases along various axis of the gut with other organs. We also attempt to lay emphasis on exploiting the avenues of gut-directed miRNA therapeutics using rudimentary dietary supplements to regulate abnormal host gene expression in diseases, opening doors to an accessible and economical therapeutic strategy.

摘要

人类胃肠 (GI) 道拥有数万亿个参与维持肠道稳态的微生物群落，其生态失调会引发各种致病性和自身免疫性疾病。虽然微生物群调节人类健康的机制是多方面的，但它们从摄入的膳食补充剂中释放的代谢物通过双向调节微核糖核酸 (miRNA) 的表达发挥着至关重要的作用。miRNA 是小的内源性非编码 RNA (ncRNA)，已被证实与微生物群相互作用以调节宿主基因表达。这篇综合综述的重点是 miRNA 的关键原理、它们的调节以及与肠道微生物群的串扰，以影响各种人类疾病中的宿主基因表达，通过汇集以 miRNA-微生物群在疾病中沿肠道不同轴与其他器官相互作用为中心的近期重要发现。我们还试图强调利用基本膳食补充剂来调节疾病中异常宿主基因的表达，利用肠道定向 miRNA 疗法的途径，为获得可访问且经济的治疗策略打开大门。