In Finland, community water supply has increasingly relied on natural groundwater and artificially recharged groundwater as the raw water source. Several managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects have been co-created with involved parties and have proceeded well, while some cases have raised considerable resistance among the stakeholders. It seems that success or failure in MAR cooperation is related to management cultures and the ways in which various interests are taken into account, from the very beginning and throughout the process. Empirically, this paper builds on comparison between two conflictual case studies in Finland: one in the Tampere region and the other in the Turku region. The study analyses the major constraints of these projects through the lens of collaborative rationality, also drawing upon discourse analysis and negotiation theory. The material is gathered through thematic interviews of stakeholders, newspaper articles and a stakeholder workshop. The results indicate that conventional management approaches, drawing from expert-based instrumental rationality, were insufficient in both cases. The collaborative rationality framework suggests that legitimacy for the groundwater projects should be gained through joint knowledge production and inclusive multiparty interaction for creating options for collaboration. Both cases lacked the tools and know-how for authentic dialogue and collaboration. The emerging paradigm emphasizes more collaborative approaches for natural resources management and urban planning. While MAR projects operate inside these areas and are highly complex in nature, it is essential to embrace the emerging paradigm in order to promote MAR systems along with their huge potential.

在芬兰，社区供水越来越依赖天然地下水和人工补充的地下水作为原水。与相关方共同创建了几个托管含水层补给（MAR）项目，并且进展顺利，而一些案例在利益相关者中引起了相当大的抵制。从一开始和整个过程中，MAR合作的成败似乎与管理文化以及考虑各种利益的方式有关。从经验上讲，本文基于芬兰两个冲突案例研究的比较：一个在坦佩雷地区，另一个在图尔库地区。该研究通过协作理性的角度分析了这些项目的主要制约因素，也借鉴了话语分析和谈判理论。通过利益相关者的专题访谈，报纸文章和利益相关者研讨会来收集材料。结果表明，在两种情况下，基于专家工具理性的常规管理方法都是不够的。合作合理性框架建议应通过联合知识生产和包容性多方互动来创建地下水选项，从而获得地下水项目的合法性。这两个案例都缺乏进行真实对话与协作的工具和专门知识。新兴的范例强调自然资源管理和城市规划应采用更多的协作方法。虽然MAR项目在这些区域内运作，并且本质上非常复杂，