Serological assays were conducted for anti‐viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) antibodies in four species of fish in Wisconsin (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Walleye Sander vitreus) to examine spatial and temporal distributions of exposure. Sera were tested for non‐neutralizing anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV by blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (percent inhibition [%I]) were analyzed for differences among species, across geographic distance, and among water management units. Positive fish occurred in 37 of 46 inland water bodies tested, including in water bodies far from reported outbreak events. Using highly conservative species‐specific thresholds (mean %I of presumptive uninfected fish + 2 SDs), 4.3% of Bluegill, 13.4% of Brown Trout, 19.3% of Northern Pike, and 18.3% of Walleye tested positive for VHSV antibodies by ELISA. Spatial patterns of seropositivity and changes in %I between sampling years were also analyzed. These analyses explore how serology might be used to understand VHSV distribution and dynamics and ultimately to inform fisheries management.

中文翻译：

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威斯康星州四种内陆运动鱼类对病毒性出血性败血症病毒 (VHSV) 的广泛血清阳性

对威斯康星州四种鱼类（Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus、Brown Trout Salmo trutta、Northern Pike Esox lucius和 Walleye Sander vitreus）的抗病毒性出血性败血症病毒 (VHSV) 抗体进行血清学检测) 来检查暴露的空间和时间分布。通过封闭酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 检测血清中针对 VHSV 的非中和性抗核衣壳抗体。结果（抑制百分比[%I]）分析了物种之间、地理距离之间和水资源管理单位之间的差异。在测试的 46 个内陆水体中，有 37 个出现阳性鱼，包括远离报告爆发事件的水体。使用高度保守的物种特异性阈值（假定未感染鱼的平均 %I + 2 SDs），4.3% 的 Bluegill、13.4% 的 Brown Trout、19.3% 的 Northern Pike 和 18.3% 的 Walleye 通过 ELISA 检测出 VHSV 抗体呈阳性。还分析了采样年份之间血清阳性率的空间模式和 %I 的变化。