The present paper investigates changes in the feedback of Indian Ocean warming on the western Pacific by using observational data and model experiments. It is found that the relationship between easterly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and Indian Ocean warming during the mature and decaying phases of El Niño has changed since 1994. Before 1994, when El Niño reached its peak in the winter, significant warming of the entire Indian Ocean caused tropospheric temperature anomalies and emanated Kelvin waves into the western Pacific. Thus, Indian Ocean warming produced easterly wind anomalies over the western Pacific. However, significant warming of the Indian Ocean has been confined to the west of the Indian Ocean and Kelvin waves have been weakened since 1994. Therefore, the Indian Ocean has contributed less to easterly wind anomalies in the western Pacific after 1994. Changes in the intensity and pattern of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode may be responsible for these results. After 1994, the intensity of the IOD, especially the intensity of the cold component of the IOD mode, has become stronger, resulting in Indian Ocean warming being confined to the west of the Indian Ocean. These results are confirmed by numerical model experiments. The paper also discusses the enhancement in the feedback of the north tropical Atlantic on El Niño after 1994.

本文利用观测数据和模型实验研究了西太平洋印度洋变暖的反馈变化。研究发现，自1994年以来，厄尔尼诺现象在成熟和衰退阶段，赤道西太平洋的东风异常与印度洋变暖之间的关系发生了变化。1994年以前，当厄尔尼诺现象在冬季达到最高峰时，厄尔尼诺现象就明显升温。整个印度洋引起对流层温度异常，并将开尔文波发射到西太平洋。因此，印度洋变暖在西太平洋上空产生了东风。但是，自1994年以来，印度洋的主要变暖仅限于印度洋的西部，开尔文波浪已经减弱。因此，1994年以后，印度洋对西太平洋东风异常的贡献较小。印度洋偶极子（IOD）模式的强度和模式变化可能是造成这些结果的原因。1994年之后，IOD的强度，尤其是IOD模式的冷成分的强度变得更强，导致印度洋变暖被限制在印度洋以西。这些结果通过数值模型实验得到证实。本文还讨论了1994年后厄尔尼诺对北热带大西洋的反馈的增强作用。导致印度洋变暖被限制在印度洋以西。这些结果通过数值模型实验得到证实。本文还讨论了1994年后厄尔尼诺对北热带大西洋的反馈的增强作用。导致印度洋变暖被限制在印度洋以西。这些结果通过数值模型实验得到证实。本文还讨论了1994年后厄尔尼诺对北热带大西洋的反馈的增强作用。