Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to amino acid side chain modification in some proteins after their biosynthesis. There are more than 400 different types of PTMs affecting many aspects of protein functions. Such modifications happen as crucial molecular regulatory mechanisms to regulate diverse cellular processes. These processes have a significant impact on the structure and function of proteins. Disruption in PTMs can lead to the dysfunction of vital biological processes and hence to various diseases. High-throughput experimental methods for discovery of PTMs are very laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for computational methods and powerful tools to predict PTMs. There are vast amounts of PTMs data, which are publicly accessible through many online databases. In this survey, we comprehensively reviewed the major online databases and related tools. The current challenges of computational methods were reviewed in detail as well.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质的翻译后修饰：资源、工具和预测方法

翻译后修饰 (PTM) 是指某些蛋白质在生物合成后的氨基酸侧链修饰。有超过 400 种不同类型的 PTM 会影响蛋白质功能的许多方面。这种修饰作为调节不同细胞过程的关键分子调节机制而发生。这些过程对蛋白质的结构和功能有重大影响。PTM 的中断会导致重要的生物过程功能障碍，从而导致各种疾病。用于发现 PTM 的高通量实验方法非常费力且耗时。因此，迫切需要计算方法和强大的工具来预测 PTM。有大量的 PTM 数据，可以通过许多在线数据库公开访问。在本次调查中，我们全面审查了主要的在线数据库和相关工具。还详细回顾了当前计算方法面临的挑战。