It is estimated that olive groves cover an area of 700,000 ha in Greece, with 124,311 ha forming agroforestry systems combined with various crops or pasture, established in the understory of the trees. A lush understory grows under the olive trees, consisting mostly of herbaceous vegetation for animal grazing, vegetables and various crops such as cereals and legumes. The aim of this study was to produce quantitative information about the intercropping of olive trees and leguminous crops or cereals in northern Greece, where olive agroforestry is a traditional practice. For this reason, a controlled experiment (1.08 ha area) was established in 2014 and was composed of olive trees, in a density of 100 trees/ha, intercropped with barley and a mixture of barley and common vetch. The latin square design involved three treatments (olive trees and barley, olive trees and a mixture of barley and common vetch, and olive trees as control), with three replications for three years and fertilized by N–P–K. Soil, tree and crop parameters were measured since plant germination to harvesting. Based on the results, barley and common vetch plant density and height were higher in the middle of the alleys than in the proximity of the trees. On the contrary, the number of grains per spike was higher close to the trees. Above ground biomass of the mixture (barley and common vetch) was higher in the middle of the alleys for the duration of the experiment. Total grain yield of barley was close to 80% of the average barley in monocultures.

据估计，希腊的橄榄树面积为700,000公顷，其中124,311公顷形成了农林业体系，并结合了树木底层的各种农作物或牧场。橄榄树下生长着茂密的林下植物，主要​​由草本植物组成，用于放牧动物，蔬菜和各种农作物，例如谷物和豆类。这项研究的目的是提供有关希腊北部橄榄树与豆类作物或谷物间作的定量信息，在希腊北部，橄榄农林业是一种传统做法。因此，2014年建立了一个对照实验（面积1.08公顷），该实验由橄榄树组成，密度为100棵树/公顷，间作有大麦和大麦与普通紫etch的混合物。拉丁广场的设计涉及三种处理（橄榄树和大麦，橄榄树，以及大麦和普通紫mixture的混合物，并以橄榄树为对照），进行了3​​次重复，历时3年，并由N–P–K施肥。从植物发芽到收获，一直测量土壤，树木和农作物参数。根据结果​​，小巷中间的大麦和常见的etch子植物的密度和高度比树木附近的高。相反，靠近树木，每个穗的谷粒数量更高。在实验过程中，小巷中间的混合物（大麦和普通紫v）的地上生物量较高。大麦的总谷物产量接近单一栽培中大麦平均产量的80％。从植物发芽到收获，测量树木和作物参数。根据结果​​，小巷中间的大麦和常见的etch子植物的密度和高度比树木附近的高。相反，靠近树木，每个穗的谷粒数量更多。在实验过程中，小巷中间的混合物（大麦和普通紫v）的地上生物量较高。大麦的总谷物产量接近单一栽培中大麦平均产量的80％。从植物发芽到收获，测量树木和作物参数。根据结果​​，小巷中间的大麦和常见的etch子植物的密度和高度比树木附近的高。相反，靠近树木，每个穗的谷粒数量更高。在实验过程中，小巷中间的混合物（大麦和普通紫v）的地上生物量较高。大麦的总谷物产量接近单一栽培中大麦平均产量的80％。在实验过程中，小巷中间的混合物（大麦和普通紫v）的地上生物量较高。大麦的总谷物产量接近单一栽培中大麦平均产量的80％。在实验过程中，小巷中间的混合物（大麦和普通紫v）的地上生物量较高。大麦的总谷物产量接近单一栽培中大麦平均产量的80％。