Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a kind of material that can sense and respond to the changes of the external environment, and its behavior is similar to the intelligent reflection of life. Electrospinning, as a versatile and feasible technique, has been used to prepare shape memory polymer fibers (SMPFs) and expand their structures. SMPFs show some advanced features and functions in many fields. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of SMPFs, including materials, fabrication methods, structures, multifunction, and applications. Firstly, the mechanism and characteristics of SMP are introduced. We then discuss the electrospinning method to form various microstructures, like non-woven fibers, core/shell fibers, hollow fibers and oriented fibers. Afterward, the multiple functions of SMPFs are discussed, such as multi-shape memory effect, reversible shape memory effect and remote actuation of composites. We also focus on some typical applications of SMPFs, including biomedical scaffolds, drug carriers, self-healing, smart textiles and sensors, as well as energy harvesting devices. At the end, the challenges and future development directions of SMPFs are proposed.

形状记忆聚合物（SMP）是一种可以感知并响应外部环境变化的材料，其行为类似于生命的智能反映。电纺丝作为一种通用且可行的技术，已用于制备形状记忆聚合物纤维（SMPF）并扩展其结构。SMPF在许多领域都显示了一些高级功能。在这篇综述中，我们对SMPF进行了全面的概述，包括材料，制造方法，结构，多功能和应用。首先介绍了SMP的机制和特点。然后，我们讨论静电纺丝方法以形成各种微结构，例如非织造纤维，核/壳纤维，中空纤维和定向纤维。之后，我们讨论了SMPF的多种功能，例如多形状记忆效应，可逆的形状记忆效应和复合材料的远程驱动。我们还关注SMPF的一些典型应用，包括生物医学支架，药物载体，自我修复，智能纺织品和传感器以及能量收集设备。最后，提出了SMPF的挑战和未来的发展方向。