Relationships between convergence of inputs onto neurons, divergence of outputs from them, synaptic strengths, nonlinear firing response properties, and randomness of axonal ranges are systematically explored by interrelating means and variances of synaptic strengths, firing rates, and soma voltages. When self-consistency is imposed, it is found that broad distributions of synaptic strength are a necessary concomitant of the known massive convergence of inputs to individual neurons, and observed widths of lognormal distributions of synaptic strength and firing rate are explained provided the brain is in a near-critical state, consistent with independent observations. The strongest individual synapses are shown to have an effect on soma voltage comparable to the effect of all others combined, which supports suggestions that they may have a key role in neural communication. Remarkably, inclusion of moderate randomness in characteristic axonal ranges is shown to account for the observed \(\sim 10^3\)-fold variability in two-point connectivity at a given separation and \(\sim 10^5\)-fold overall when the known mean exponential fall-off is included, consistent with observed near-lognormal distributions. Inferred axonal deviations from straight-line paths are also consistent with independent estimates.

通过将突触强度、放电率和体电压的均值和方差相互关联，系统地探索了输入到神经元的收敛、输出的发散、突触强度、非线性放电响应特性和轴突范围的随机性之间的关系。当施加自洽时，发现突触强度的广泛分布是已知大量输入到单个神经元的必要伴随物，并且如果大脑处于接近临界状态，与独立观察一致。最强的个体突触对胞体电压的影响与所有其他突触的影响相当，这支持了他们可能在神经交流中发挥关键作用的建议。值得注意的是，在特征轴突范围中包含适度的随机性被证明可以解释观察到的\(\sim 10^3\) - 给定间隔下两点连通性的倍数变异性和\(\sim 10^5\) -当包含已知平均指数衰减时的整体倍数，与观察到的近乎一致对数正态分布。从直线路径推断出的轴突偏差也与独立估计一致。