The deployment of onshore wind power involves spatial sustainability trade-offs, e.g., between the minimization of energy system costs, the mitigation of impacts on humans and biodiversity, and interregional equity concerns. We analyze challenges arising for decision-making if wind power generation capacity has to be allocated spatially in the presence of such trade-offs. The analysis is based on a participatory multi-criteria analysis that involved stakeholders in Germany. Stakeholders were asked to play a serious game during which they had to allocate wind power generation capacity to German states. The results of the serious game illustrate that there is no unanimously agreed ranking of sustainability criteria among the participating stakeholders. They disagreed not only on the weights of different criteria but also their definition and measurement. Group discussions further revealed that interregional equity concerns mattered when generation capacity was allocated to states. Yet, stakeholders used quite different concepts of interregional equity, including approaches of both distributional and commutative justice. The results support the importance of transparent, multi-level and participatory approaches to take decisions on the spatial allocation of wind power generation capacity.

陆上风能的部署涉及空间可持续性的权衡，例如在最小化能源系统成本，减轻对人类和生物多样性的影响以及区域间公平问题之间。如果必须在存在这种权衡的情况下在空间上分配风力发电容量，我们将分析决策制定中面临的挑战。该分析基于参与性多标准分析，涉及德国的利益相关者。利益相关者被要求参加一场严肃的比赛，在此期间，他们必须将风力发电能力分配给德国各州。严肃的游戏结果表明，参与的利益相关者之间没有一致同意的可持续性标准排名。他们不仅在不同标准的权重上存在分歧，而且在定义和衡量上也存在分歧。小组讨论进一步表明，当将发电容量分配给各州时，区域间公平问题就变得很重要。然而，利益相关者使用的地区间公平概念却截然不同，包括分配正义和交换正义的方法。结果支持透明，多层次和参与性方法在决定风力发电能力的空间分配方面的重要性。