ABSTRACT

In the mid-nineteenth century, civil engineering and technological innovation began to play a major role in the modernization and westernization of Japan. From the 1870s to the 1890s, Dutch civil engineers worked with Japanese practitioners on the design of Japanese ports, a key starting point for urban development. This article explores the role of port and port city planning by Dutch civil engineers on the development of Japanese engineering and planning practice following modern construction methods and technology. It explores the degree to which port and water planning proposals that were associated with foreign forces influenced the development of civil engineering-inspired urban planning practice in Japan. The article examines three case studies of port planning: Nobiru, Mikuni and Yokohama. It shows that comprehensive planning proposals by the Dutch engineers, who combined water management and the construction of port basins and breakwaters with city development, were only partially implemented because they were not aligned with Japanese natural and technical conditions. Instead, Japanese professionals stripped the proposals of the urban context and adopted engineering technology. The fascine mattress technique for breakwaters and imported steam dredging machines became key elements for the construction of basins and the maintenance of modern port function.

摘要

19 世纪中叶，土木工程和技术创新开始在日本的现代化和西化中发挥重要作用。从 1870 年代到 1890 年代，荷兰土木工程师与日本从业者合作设计日本港口，这是城市发展的关键起点。本文探讨了荷兰土木工程师的港口和港口城市规划对日本遵循现代建筑方法和技术的工程和规划实践发展的作用。它探讨了与外国势力相关的港口和水域规划建议对日本土木工程启发的城市规划实践发展的影响程度。本文考察了港口规划的三个案例研究：Nobiru、Mikuni 和 Yokohama。这表明，荷兰工程师将水资源管理、港口盆地和防波堤建设与城市发展相结合的综合规划方案，由于不符合日本的自然和技术条件，因此只得到了部分实施。相反，日本专业人士剥离了城市环境的建议，并采用了工程技术。用于防波堤和进口蒸汽疏浚机的fascine床垫技术成为建造盆地和维护现代港口功能的关键要素。日本专业人士剥离了城市环境的建议，采用了工程技术。用于防波堤和进口蒸汽疏浚机的fascine床垫技术成为建造盆地和维护现代港口功能的关键要素。日本专业人士剥离了城市环境的建议，采用了工程技术。用于防波堤和进口蒸汽疏浚机的fascine床垫技术成为建造盆地和维护现代港口功能的关键要素。