ABSTRACT

Bullying and cyberbullying victimisation are serious problems worldwide, especially among children and adolescents. However, there is much research on risk factors, the evidence about victim typologies that combine online and offline bullying with the specific nature of the victimisation episodes and other sociodemographic and individual features is still scarce. This study contributes by combining the poly-victim framework with the cyberbullying and online risk approaches. We used data from the Kids Online survey conducted in 2016 and analysed a national sample of 1,000 Internet users in Chile between 9 and 17 years old. The aim was to classify youth based on their cyber and traditional bullying experiences and examine the clusters’ features based on age, sex, socioeconomic status, technology use and skills, risky offline behaviours and well-being. A two-step cluster analysis identified three groups: poly-victims (23%), occasional digital victims (30%), and frequent offline victims (41%). These groups significantly differed by age, sex, Internet use, digital skills, risky offline behaviours and psychological characteristics. These results highlight the heterogeneity and complexity of both traditional and cyberbullying and the need to tailor interventions for diverse types of victims.

IMPACT SUMMARY

a. Prior State of Knowledge:

Bullying is a serious problem both in its traditional and cyber-forms. Both share commonalities and present divergences regarding risk factors and psychological consequences associated. Whereas they can be distinct types of victimisation, a significant percentage of victims suffer both.

b. Novel Contributions:

Frequent offline bullying, occasional digital victimisation, and poly-victimisation should be considered three victimisation forms. These three experiences differ significantly in their age and sex composition, Internet use, digital skills, risky offline behaviours and psychological characteristics.

c. Practical Implications:

Identification of victim groups is critical to developing a more tailored approach to support different victims and reduce various forms of harassment. Moreso, because the current impacts of bullying-prevention programs are relatively small.

摘要

欺凌和网络欺凌受害是世界范围内的严重问题，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。然而，关于风险因素的研究很多，关于将在线和离线欺凌与受害事件的特定性质以及其他社会人口和个人特征相结合的受害者类型学的证据仍然很少。本研究通过将多受害者框架与网络欺凌和在线风险方法相结合来做出贡献。我们使用了 2016 年开展的 Kids Online 调查的数据，分析了智利 1,000 名 9 至 17 岁互联网用户的全国样本。目的是根据青少年的网络和传统欺凌经历对他们进行分类，并根据年龄、性别、社会经济地位、技术使用和技能检查集群的特征，危险的线下行为和幸福感。两步聚类分析确定了三组：多受害者 (23%)、偶尔的数字受害者 (30%) 和频繁的离线受害者 (41%)。这些群体在年龄、性别、互联网使用、数字技能、危险的线下行为和心理特征方面存在显着差异。这些结果突出了传统欺凌和网络欺凌的异质性和复杂性，以及为不同类型的受害者量身定制干预措施的必要性。

影响总结

一个。先前的知识状态：

无论是传统形式还是网络形式，欺凌都是一个严重的问题。两者在风险因素和相关心理后果方面有共同点，但存在分歧。虽然它们可能是不同类型的受害，但很大一部分受害者同时遭受两种情况。

湾 小说贡献：

频繁的线下欺凌、偶尔的数字受害和多重受害应被视为三种受害形式。这三种体验在年龄和性别构成、互联网使用、数字技能、危险的线下行为和心理特征方面存在显着差异。

C。实际影响：

识别受害者群体对于制定更有针对性的方法来支持不同的受害者和减少各种形式的骚扰至关重要。此外，因为欺凌预防计划的当前影响相对较小。