Sustainable transportation is at the hearth of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is directly linked to many SDGs including SDG3 (good health and well-being), SDG11 (sustainable cities and societies), SDG 7 (clean energy), SDG13 (climate), and SDG 12 (sustainable production and consumption). European countries have been promoting a widespread adoption of electric vehicles to achieve SDGs through resilient, technology-driven, and human-centric mobility. However, potential environmental benefits of electric vehicles depend on various regional factors such as the fuel efficiency and source of electricity generation. At the same time, the economic benefits of mobility to the economy are an important factor for evaluating the relative performance of electric vehicles. To this end, this research paper presents the first empirical analysis of the regionalized eco-efficiency assessment of electric vehicles across Europe. We developed an integrated regionalized eco-efficiency performance score, by employing life cycle assessment and principal component analysis techniques to assess the eco-efficiency performance of electric vehicles in Europe. Considering the energy mix for electricity generation, three environmental indicators (carbon footprint, water consumption, and energy use) and one economic (contribution to national gross domestic product) indicator were used to compute the eco-efficiency scores for 28 European countries. The eco-efficiency scores for each corresponding country were calculated, compared, and clustered in as high, medium, and low eco-efficiency score countries. The clvalid package of R software's archive network is used to determine the optimal number of clusters for the EES dataset. The results of the comparative study show that Denmark, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain have a competitive advantage in eco-efficiency performance compared to the other European countries. The regionalized distribution of the eco-efficiency performance shows that the countries with the highest ecoefficiency score are located on the west side of Europe. Researches and policymakers can benefit from the applied methodology as well as the results to provide country-specific investment policies to achieve higher benefits towards a transition to electric mobility in Europe.

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欧洲电动汽车的生态效率如何？基于区域化生命周期评估的生态效率分析

可持续交通是联合国可持续发展目标 (SDG) 的核心，并与许多 SDG 直接相关，包括 SDG3（良好健康和福祉）、SDG11（可持续城市和社会）、SDG 7（清洁能源）、SDG13 （气候）和 SDG 12（可持续生产和消费）。欧洲国家一直在推动电动汽车的广泛采用，以通过弹性、技术驱动和以人为本的移动性来实现可持续发展目标。然而，电动汽车的潜在环境效益取决于各种区域因素，例如燃料效率和发电来源。同时，移动性对经济的经济效益是评估电动汽车相对性能的重要因素。为此，本研究论文首次对欧洲电动汽车区域化生态效率评估进行了实证分析。我们通过采用生命周期评估和主成分分析技术来评估欧洲电动汽车的生态效率性能，开发了一个综合的区域化生态效率性能评分。考虑到用于发电的能源结构，使用三个环境指标（碳足迹、水消耗和能源使用）和一个经济指标（对国内生产总值的贡献）来计算 28 个欧洲国家的生态效率得分。计算、比较每个相应国家的生态效率得分，并将其分为高、中、低生态效率得分国家。R 软件的 clvalid 包' s 存档网络用于确定 EES 数据集的最佳聚类数。比较研究的结果表明，与其他欧洲国家相比，丹麦、德国、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙在生态效率表现方面具有竞争优势。生态效率表现的区域化分布表明，生态效率得分最高的国家位于欧洲西部。研究人员和政策制定者可以从所应用的方法和结果中受益，以提供针对特定国家的投资政策，以实现更高的收益，以实现欧洲向电动汽车的过渡。与其他欧洲国家相比，西班牙在生态效率方面具有竞争优势。生态效率表现的区域化分布表明，生态效率得分最高的国家位于欧洲西部。研究人员和政策制定者可以从所应用的方法和结果中受益，以提供针对特定国家的投资政策，以实现更高的收益，以实现欧洲向电动汽车的过渡。与其他欧洲国家相比，西班牙在生态效率方面具有竞争优势。生态效率表现的区域化分布表明，生态效率得分最高的国家位于欧洲西部。研究人员和政策制定者可以从所应用的方法和结果中受益，以提供针对特定国家的投资政策，以实现更高的收益，以实现欧洲向电动汽车的过渡。