Abstract:

This article uses largely untapped source collections to show how African Americans built movements for economic and environmental justice in Lowcountry South Carolina by the early 1970s. Looking at the area around Hilton Head Island, the essay starts by explaining how Black Gullah communities faced devastating land loss due to economic, legal, and demographic pressures. Into this context, the BASF company announced plans in late 1969 to build a petrochemical plant just west of Hilton Head. Although many Black leaders saw the plant increasing the purchasing power of their communities, others dissented out of concerns for industrial pollution’s threat to maritime industries. By June 1970, a temporary alliance between a Black fishing cooperative, white developers, and white retirees defeated the project. By studying these unusual alliances, this article helps explain how Black southerners shaped national debates about environmentalism even as Hilton Head became a well-preserved but exclusive landscape.

摘要：

本文使用尚未开发的大量资料集来说明非洲裔美国人如何在1970年代初为南卡罗来纳州的低地国家建立经济和环境正义运动。着眼于希尔顿黑德岛周围的地区，本文首先解释了由于经济，法律和人口压力，黑古拉（Black Gullah）社区如何面临毁灭性的土地流失。在这种情况下，巴斯夫公司于1969年末宣布了在希尔顿黑德（Hilton Head）以西建造一座石化厂的计划。尽管许多黑人领导人看到该工厂增加了其社区的购买力，但其他人则出于对工业污染对海洋工业的威胁的担忧而表示异议。到1970年6月，黑人捕鱼合作社，白人开发商和白人退休人员之间的临时联盟击败了该项目。通过研究这些不寻常的联盟，